Spoken L1 Language: Kituba (Congo)

Subclassification references
Comments on subclassification

Mufwene, Salikoko S. 1997

AES status:
not endangered
Source:
David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2024
Comment:
Kituba (mkw-mkw) = 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of national identity (2002, Constitution, Article 6), recognized as lingua franca. Established in large towns during colonial period between 1885 and 1960. Used throughout the south in churches, the market, and media and one of the 2 national languages.
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References