Northern Tujia (4225-tji) = Severely Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available) (The use of the Tujia language varies from place to place. In the heartlands, even children are able to speak Tujia to some degree though young parents tend to raise their children in Chinese due to the socio-economic pressure. Few bilinguals.) (see Brassett and Brassett 2005)