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Dialect:
Toishanese
Classification
open Toishanese
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Sino-Tibetan (514)
►
Bodic (84)
►
Bodish (54)
►
Dakpa-Dzala (2)
Dakpakha
►
Dzalakha
Khomakha
►
Early Old Tibetan (45)
Classical Tibetan
►
Middle Old Tibetan (39)
►
Late Old Tibetan (36)
►
Central Tibetan (16)
►
South-Western Tibetic (15)
►
Dolpo-Tichurong (2)
Dolpo
Tichurong
Humla
►
Kyirong-Kagate (5)
►
Gyalsumdo-Nubri-Kyirong (2)
►
Gyalsumdo-Nubri
Gyalsumdo
►
Nubri
Lho
Namrung
Prok
Sama (Nepal)
Kyerung
Tsum
►
Yolmo-Kagate (2)
Kagate
►
Lamjung-Melamchi Yolmo
Ilam Yolmo
Lamjung Yolmo
Langdang Yolmo
Melamchi Yolmo
Lhomi
►
Mustangic (2)
►
Lowa
Baragaunle
Upper Mustang
►
Mugom
Karani
Mugali
►
Sherpa-Jirel (3)
Jirel
►
Sherpaic (2)
Naaba
►
Solu-Khumbu Sherpa
Khumbu
Ramechap
Solu
Walungge
►
Tibetan
Phänpo
►
Tö Ngari
Gar Tibetan
Gergye
Purang
Ruthok
Tshochen
►
Tsang
Dingri
Kyirong
Shigatse
Western Drokpas
►
Ü
Drigung
Kongpo
Lhasa Tibetan
Lhokha
►
Eastern Tibetic (4)
►
Baima
Northern Baima
Southern Baima
Western Baima
►
Choni
Khöpokhok
Palkyi
Sharkhok
Songpan
►
Thewo-smad
Byambab
gSerpo
Thewo-bar
Thewo-lho
►
Thewo-stodic
Nyinpa
Thewo-stod
Thromjekhok
►
Zhuoni
Eastern Zhuoni
Kluchu
Western Zhuoni
►
Drugchu
dGonpa
Koban
Thergyud
►
Zhongu
Throchu
Zhongukhok
►
Kham-Hor (2)
►
Derong-nJol Tibetan
Bodgrong
gYagrwa
mBalhag
sPomtserag
►
West Yunling Mountain
Tseku
Tsharethong
►
Khams Tibetan
Chaphreng Tibetan
►
Hor-Northern Route Khams
►
Central Khams
Chamdo Tibetan
Dagyab Tibetan
►
Hor
Amdo of Hor
Bachen of Hor
Gertse
Hor of Hor
Nakchu of Hor
Minyak Rabgang
Khyungpo
►
Kyegu-Nangchen
Kyegu Tibetan
Nangchen Tibetan
Muli-Dabpa
Pambar
Rongdrak
►
Sems-kyi-nyila Tibetan
dNgo
East Yunling Mountain
Lamdo
Melung
rGyalthang
►
Sichuan Khams
Bathang (Batang)
Dartsedo
Derge (Dege)
Kardze (Ganzi)
Lithang (Litang)
Nyarong (Xinlong)
►
Lahauli-Spiti (4)
►
Khunu-Töt
Kuno-Charang
Nako
Nesang
Pooh-Namgya
►
Spiti-Jad (2)
►
Jad
Jadthang
Nilang
Spiti Bhoti
►
Stod Bhoti
Khoksar
Mayar
Stod
►
Southern Tibetic (10)
Brokpake
Dur Brokkat
►
Dzongkhic (6)
Chocangacakha
►
Groma
Lower Groma
Upper Groma
►
Nuclear Dzongkhic (3)
►
Dzongkha
Ha (Bhutan)
Northern Thimphu
Wang-The
Layakha
Lunanakha
Sikkimese
Lakha
►
Unclassified Southern Tibetic (1)
Khamba
►
North-Eastern Tibetic (3)
►
Amdo Tibetan
►
Conservative Amdo Farmer
Huang-chung-hsien
Padma
Shando
►
Conservative Amdo Nomad
►
Eastern Qinghai Amdo
Chabcha
Rebkong
Rtsekhog
Labrang
►
North Eastern Qinghai Amdo
Arik
Mkharmar
Rkangtsha
Themchen
►
Northern Sichuan Amdo
Rmagsar
Rngaba
Sertha/Golok
►
Innovative Amdo Farmer
Mdzorganrabar
Rmastod
►
Ngawa
Ndzorge
Ngakhok
►
Dongna
Dungnak
rTarmnyik
►
Gser-Rdo
Gserpa
Rdo
►
Western Archaic Tibetan (5)
►
Kenhatic (3)
►
Changthang
Lalok
Nyoma Block
Upper Indus Changthang
Leh Ladakhi
►
Zangskari
Central Zanskari
Lower Zanskari
Lungnak
Upper Zanskari
►
Shamskatic (2)
Balti
►
Purik-Sham-Nubra
Purik
►
Sham-Nubra
Ldumra
Shamma
►
Phobjib-Chali-Bumthangic (5)
►
Chali-Bumthangic (4)
►
Bumthangic (3)
►
Bumthangkha
Chogor
Chunmat
Tang (Bhutan)
Ura
►
Khengkha
Lower Kheng
Middle Kheng
Upper Kheng
Kurtokha
Chalikha
►
Upper Mangdep
Chutobikha
Phobjikha
►
Unclassified Bodish (2)
Basum
Songlin
►
Kaike-Ghale-Tamangic (13)
►
Ghale-Tamangic (12)
►
Ghale (3)
►
Kutang Ghale
Bihi
Chak (Nepal)
Rana
►
Nuclear Ghale (2)
►
Northern Ghale
Jagat
Khorla
Nyak
Philim
Uiya
►
Southern Ghale
Barpak
Kyaura
Laprak
►
Tamangic (9)
►
Eastern Gorkha Tamang
Kasigaon
Kerounja
►
Gurungic (5)
►
Gurung
Eastern Gurung
Gorkha Gurung
Lamjung Gurung
Tamu Kyi
►
Western Gurung
Northwestern Gurung
Southern Gurung
►
Manangba-Nar-Phu (2)
►
Manange
Prakaa
►
Nar Phu
Nar
Phu
►
Thakali-Chantyal (2)
Chantyal
►
Thakali
Marpha
Syang
Tukche
►
Nuclear Tamang (2)
►
Eastern Tamang
Central-Eastern Tamang
Outer-Eastern Tamang
►
Western Tamang
Northwestern
Rasuwa
Southwestern
Trisuli
►
Seke (Nepal)
Chuksang
Tangbe
Tetang
Kaike
►
Tshanglic (2)
Kalaktang Monpa
►
Tshangla
Bjokapakha
Dirang Tshangla
Dungsam
Mongar-Trashigang
Yabrang
►
West Himalayish (15)
►
Eastern West Himalayish (8)
►
Central-Eastern West Himalayish (3)
Bunan
►
Rongpo
Marchha (India)
Tolchha
Sunam
►
Pithauragarh (5)
►
Darma-Byangsi-Chaudangsi (4)
Chaudangsi
►
Darma-Byangsi (3)
►
Byangsi
Dhuleli
Kuti
Pangjungkho Boli
Yerjungkhu Boli
►
Zhangzhungic (2)
Darma
Zhangzhung
Rangkas
►
Western West Himalayish (7)
►
Kinnauric (5)
Chhitkul-Rakchham
Kanashi
►
Kinnauri
Kalpa
Nichar
►
Sangla
Razgramang
Tukpa
►
Thebor (2)
Jangshung
Shumcho
►
Lahaulic (2)
►
Pattani
Central Pattani
Chamba-Lahuli
Eastern Pattani
Tinani
►
Brahmaputran (42)
►
Bodo-Garo (14)
►
Boroic (8)
►
Dimasa-Kokborok (5)
►
Dimasa
Hariamba
Nuclear Dimasa
►
Tipperic (4)
►
Kok Borok
Debbarma
Jamatia
Noatia
Riang (Bru)
Rupini
Riang (India)
Tippera
Usui
►
Tiwa-Boro (3)
►
Bodo-Mech-Kachari (2)
►
Bodo-Mech
Chote
Mech
Kachari
Tiwa (India)
Deori
►
Garo
A'beng
Abeng
A'chick
Achik
A'we
Chisak
Dacca
Ganching
Kamrup
Matchi
►
Kochic (4)
Atong (India)
►
Koch
Banai
Harigaya
Satpariya
Tintekiya
Wanang (India)
►
Rabha
Maitaria
Rangdania
Ruga
►
Jingpho-Luish (9)
►
Jingpho (2)
►
Northern Jinghpaw
►
Northeastern Jinghpaw
Dingga
Duleng
►
Northwestern Jinghpaw
Numphuk
Turung (Jinghpaw)
►
Southern Jinghpaw
Enkun
Hkaku
Jilí
Kauri
Shidan
►
Luish (7)
►
Chak
►
Cak
Baishari
Dochari
Naikhyongchari
Sak (Myanmar)
►
Chakpa-Kadu-Ganan (4)
►
Chakpa (3)
►
Andro-Sengmai (2)
Andro
Sengmai
Phayeng
►
Kado
Ganaan
Kadu
►
Unclassified Luish (2)
Burma Pyu
Taman (Myanmar)
►
Patkaian (18)
►
North Patkaian (8)
►
Heimic (2)
►
Kaisanic
►
Kaisan-Sheiknyo
Kaisan
Sheiknyo
►
Pinkuan
►
Kon-Miku
Kon
Miku
Nyingshau
Pinku
►
Nahenic
►
Champangic
Champang-Chamkok
Lumnu-Haqchum
Langpan-Tokhe
Nahen
►
Noctean (4)
►
Nocte Naga
►
Kuwa
Hahon Naga
Hakhun
Laju
►
Nuclear Nocte
Bote Naga
Hame Naga
Hathim Naga
Kaasik Naga
Lama Naga
►
Tutsic (3)
►
Muklomic
Have
Muklom
Ponthai
Tutsa Naga
►
Tangsa (2)
►
Pangwa Naga
►
Northern Rangpang
►
Jogleic
►
Hahcheng-Ngaimong
Hahcheng
Ngaimong
►
Joglei-Shangwal
Shangwal
Yoglei
►
Longri-Cholim
Cholim
Longri
►
Lungphi-Muishaung
Longphi
Muishaung
Mungre
►
Shecyu-Chamchang
Chamchang
Shangke
►
Southern Rangpang
Hkaluk
Lochhang
Maitai-Jiingi
►
Rera-Hajang
Gaji-Hajang
Ronrang
Rinkhu
►
Tikhakic
Kato Naga
Kengjung
►
Nuclear Tikhakic
Longchang
Nokja
Tikhak
Yongkuk
►
South Patkaian (10)
►
Southeastern Patkaian (4)
►
Lainongic (3)
►
Khiamniungic (2)
►
Khiamniungan Naga
►
North Khiamniungan Naga
Thang Naga
Wolam
Peshu
►
South Khiamniungan Naga
Nokhu
Patsho
►
Pounyiu-Gongvan Naga
Gongvan
Pounyiu
Lainong Naga
►
Makyam-Kuku Naga
Kuku Naga
Makyam Naga
►
Southwestern Patkaian (6)
►
Chang-Phom-Konyak (3)
Chang Naga
►
Konyak-Phom (2)
►
Konyak Naga
Angphang
Changnyu
Chen
Chingkao
Chinglang
Choha
Gelekidoria
Hopao
Jakphang
Kongon
Longching
Longkhai
Longmein
Longwa
Mohung
Mon (India)
Mulung
Ngangching
Sang
Shamnyuyanga
Shanlang
Shengha
Shunyuo
Sima
Sowa Naga
Tableng
Tabu
Tamkhungnyuo
Tang (India)
Tobunyuo
Tolamleinyua
Totok
►
Phom Naga
Yongyasha
Lao Naga
►
Wanchoic (2)
Chen Naga
►
Wancho Naga
Khã
►
Lower Wancho
Bor Muthun
Changnoi
Horu Muthun
Kulung Muthun
►
Upper Wanchoic
Chuyo-Gaqkat
Upper Wancho
►
Unclassified Brahmaputran (1)
Chairel
►
Burmo-Qiangic (160)
►
Lolo-Burmese (129)
►
Burmish (17)
►
Northern Burmish (6)
►
Hpon
North Hpon
South Hpon
►
Maruic (5)
►
Leqic (2)
Chashan
Lashi
►
Maru
Dago' Lawng Bit
Gawan Naw'
Hlo'lan
Laking
Lawng Hsu
Wa Khawk
Zagaran Mran
Pela
►
Zaiwa
Langwa
Nuclear Zaiwa
Polo
►
Southern Burmish (11)
►
Achangic (4)
Lianghe Achang
►
Longchuan Achang
Longchuan
Maingtha
Xiandao
Luxi Achang
Ngochang
►
Mranmaic (7)
►
Intha-Danu
Danu
Intha
►
Nuclear Mranmaic (5)
►
Arakanese-Marma (2)
Marma
Rakhine
►
Burmese
Bomang
Mandalay-Yangon
Yaw
Old Burmese
►
Tavoyan
Dawei
Myeik
Palaw
Taungyo
►
Loloish (103)
►
Hani-Jino (24)
►
Bisoid-Hanic (22)
►
Bisoid (8)
►
Bisu-Pyen-Laomian (3)
Bisu
Laomian
Pyen
►
Phunoi-Coong (2)
Côông
►
Phunoi
Black Khoany
Hwethom
Khaskhong
Mung
White Khoany
Sangkong
►
Unclassified Bisoid (2)
Bantang
Cauho
►
Hanic (11)
►
Bi-Ka (4)
Biyo
Enu
Kaduo
Mpi
►
Ha-Ya (6)
►
Akhaic (5)
►
Akeuic (2)
Akeu
Luma
►
Akha
Ako
Asong
Chepya
Muda
►
Hani
Angluo
Dazhai
Gehuo
Guohue
Guozuo
Khabi
Lami
Luobi
Luomian
►
Honi
Baihong
Phana'
►
Sila-Wanya-Cosao (2)
Cosao
Sila
►
Jino (2)
Buyuan Jinuo
Youle Jinuo
►
Lahoid (3)
Kucong
►
Lahu
Lahu Phung
Na (Lahu)
Nyi
Shehleh
Lahu Shi
►
Ni-Li-Kazhouish (73)
►
Kazhouish (3)
Katso
Sadu
Samatao
►
Lawoish (2)
Awu
Lawu
►
Lisoid (24)
►
Lipo-Lolopo (7)
►
Lipo-Micha (2)
Lipo
Miqie
►
Lolopo
Nanhua Lolopho
Shuangbo Lolopho
Yao'an Lolopho
►
Unclassified Lipo-Lolopo (4)
Hlersu
Limi
►
Southwestern Lolo (2)
Mili
Southern Lolopo
►
Nuclear Lisoid (14)
►
Lisu-Laluba-Lavu (13)
►
Laluba-Lavu (12)
►
Kuansi-Kuamasi-Sonaga (3)
►
Kuansi-Kuamasi (2)
Kuamasi
Kua-nsi
Sonaga
►
Lalo (8)
Eka
►
Greater Lalo (5)
►
Core Lalo (4)
►
Central-Western Lalo (2)
Western Lalu
Xishanba Lalo
Dongshanba Lalo
►
Unclassified Core Lalu (1)
Eastern Lalu
Xuzhang Lalo
Southern Lalo
Yangliu
Lavu-Yongsheng-Talu
►
Lisu
Central Lisu
►
Ninglang-Dechang Lisu
Dechang
Ninglang
Northern Lisu
Southern Lisu
Tanglang-Toloza
►
Unclassified Lisoid (3)
Lamu
Naluo Yi
Samatu
►
Southeastern Ngwi (44)
►
Axioid (4)
Azha
►
Sani-Axi-Azhe (3)
►
Sani
Northern Sani
Southern Sani
►
Sani-Axi (2)
Axi Yi
Azhe
►
Highland Phula (15)
►
Muji (9)
►
Laghuu-Core Muji (8)
Laghuu
►
Thopho-Core Muji (7)
►
Core Muji (6)
►
Nuclear Core Muji (5)
►
Bokha-Phuma (2)
Bokha
Phuma
Muzi
►
Northern-Southern Muji (2)
Northern Muji
Southern Muji
Qila Muji
Thopho
Moji
►
Phowa (6)
►
Ani-Labo (2)
Ani Phowa
Labo Phowa
►
Hlepho-Phukha (4)
Hlepho Phowa
►
Khlula-Zokhuo (2)
Khlula
Zokhuo
Phukha
►
Nisoid (17)
►
Nisu-Nyisu (5)
►
Nisu (4)
Far Northwestern Nisu
►
Nuclear Nisu (3)
►
Northern Nisu (2)
North-Central Nisu
►
Northwestern Nisu
Eshan Nasu
Xinping Nisu
Southern Nisu
Nyisu
►
Nuclear Nisoid (11)
►
Nasu-Nosu (9)
►
Nesu-Nasu (8)
►
Nasu-Gepu (6)
Gepo
Samei
Sanie
►
Unclassified Nasu-Gepu (2)
Ayizi
Chesu
►
Wuding-Luquan Yi
Luquan Naso
Tazhi
Wuding Naisu
►
Nesu (2)
►
Wumeng Nasu
Hen-Ke Yi
Hezhang Yi
Weining Yi
►
Wusa Nasu
Bijie
Dafang
Qian Xi
►
Sichuan Yi
Butuo Yi
Huili Yi
Northern Awu Yi
Yinuo Yi
Yishengzha Yi
Southern Awu (Lope)
►
Unclassified Nuclear Nisoid (1)
Aluo
►
Unclassified Nisoid (1)
Ache
►
Riverine Phula (7)
►
Downriver Riverine Phula (4)
►
Phupa-Phuza (2)
Phupa
►
Phuza
Dabaqi
Suobendi
►
Phupha-Alugu (2)
Alugu
Phupha
►
Upriver Riverine Phula (3)
Phala
►
Pholic (2)
Alo Phola
Phola
►
Unclassified Southeastern Ngwi (1)
Nisi (China)
►
Nusoish (2)
►
Nusu
Central Nusu
Northern Nusu
Southern Nusu
►
Zauzou
Guoli
Jiangmo
Pholo
►
Mondzish (7)
►
Nuclear Mondzish (6)
Maang
Mango (China)
Maza
Muangphe
►
Munji-Mantsi (2)
Mantsi
Mondzi
Thou-Kathu
►
Ugong
Kok Chiang
Suphanburi
►
Unclassified Lolo-Burmese (1)
Pai-lang
►
Na-Qiangic (29)
►
Ersuic (3)
►
Ersu
Hanyuan Ersu
Qingshui Ersu
Zeluo Ersu
►
Lizu
Kala Lizu
Mianning Lizu
Naiqu Lizu
►
Tosu
Modern Duoxu
XFYY Duoxu
Guiqiong
►
Naic (5)
►
Naish (3)
Laze
►
Narua
Lataddi Narua
Yongning Na
►
Naxi
Lapao
Lichiang
Lutien
►
Namuyi
Eastern Namuyi
Western Namuyi
Shixing
►
Qiangic (20)
►
Gyalrongic (8)
►
Core Gyalrong (4)
►
Northern Gyalrong (3)
►
Japhug
Datshang
Gdongbrgyad-Kamnyu
Tshobdun
►
Zbu
Sidaba
►
Situ
Jinchuan
Lixian
Maerkang
Xiaojin
►
West Gyalrongic (4)
►
Horpa (3)
►
Stau-Dgebshes
Dgebshes
►
Geshiza
Eastern Geshiza
Western Geshiza
Phosul
Rtau
►
Stodsde
Dayili
Puxi
Zongke
Tangut
►
Khroskyabs
Ere (China)
Ergali
Guanyingqiao
Muerzong
Siyaowu
Taiyanghe
Xiaoyili
Yelong
►
Muya (2)
Eastern Muya
►
Western Muya
Northwestern Minyag
Southwestern Minyag
►
Pumi (2)
►
Northern Pumi
Jīsū
Lābó Pumi
Mùdǐqīng Pumi
Sānyǎnlóng
Taoba
Táobā
Tuōqī Pumi
Zuŏsuŏ
►
Southern Pumi
►
Central Pumi
Renhe Pumi
Xichuan Pumi
Xinyingpan Pumi
►
Western Pumi
Dayang Pumi
Qinghua Pumi
►
Qiang (3)
►
Southern Qiang
►
Downward-e Southern Qiang
Dajishan
►
Eastern Lixian Qiang
Taoping Qiang
Tonghua Qiang
►
Inward-ji Southern Qiang
Longxi Qiang
Mianchi Qiang
►
Upstream-Nu Qiang (2)
►
Northern Qiang
Cimulin
Heihu
Jiaochang
Luhua
South Songpan
►
West Maoxian-South Heishui Qiang
Sanlong
Weigu
Yadu
►
Southeast Maoxian Qiang
Goukou Qiang
Yonghe Qiang
Queyu
►
Unclassified Qiangic (3)
►
Chamdoic (3)
Drag-yab
►
Lamo
gSerkhu
Lamei
Lamo-Dongba
Zlarong
Zhaba
►
Tujia (2)
►
Northern Tujia
Baojing Tujia
Longshan Tujia
Southern Tujia
►
Dhimal-Lhokpu-Toto (3)
►
Dhimal
Eastern Dhimal
Western Dhimal
Lhokpu
Toto
►
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Dolakha-Tauthali-Jethal-Listi-Doti
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Peripheral Karen (5)
►
Pa'o Karen
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Pwo (4)
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Eastern-Western Pwo Karen (2)
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Tavoy
►
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Le
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Anal-Lamgang (2)
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Aimol
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►
Halam
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Bongcher
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Kaipeng
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►
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►
Kom (India)
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Tarao-Chothe (2)
Chothe
Tarao
►
Moyon-Monsang Naga (2)
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►
Peripheral Kuki-Chin (21)
►
Khomic (4)
Eastern Khumi Chin
►
Khumi Chin
Kami
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Khimi
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Khweymi
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Yindi
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►
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►
Sizangic (6)
►
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Gangte
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Zou
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Thadoic (4)
►
Paite Chin
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Dim
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►
Tedim Chin
Kamhau
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►
Thado Chin
Baite
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Ashoic (2)
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Asho Chin
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Daai-Nghmoye-Muun-Kaang (3)
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Daai Chin
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Mün Chin
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►
Manipuri
Loi
Meitei
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►
Tangkhul-Maring (11)
►
Maringic (2)
Khoibu
Maring Naga
►
Tangkhulic (9)
Challow
East Tusom
Kongai
►
Nuclear Tangkhulic (5)
►
East-Central Tangkhul Naga
►
Central Tangkhul
Tangkhul Tui
Ukhrul
►
Eastern Tangkhul
Kachai
Phadang
Lairamlo
North-Central Tangkhul Naga
Northern Tangkhul Naga
►
Southern Tangkhul Naga
Gordon-Brown Central Tangkhul
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►
Zemeic (7)
Inpui Naga
►
Maram Naga
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►
Nuclear Zemeic (3)
Liangmai Naga
►
Mzieme-Zeme (2)
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►
Zeme Naga
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►
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►
Macro-Bai (6)
►
Baic (3)
►
Northern Bai
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South-Central Bai (2)
►
Central Bai
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Dali
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Ta-Li (3)
Caijia
►
Longjia-Luren (2)
Longjia
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►
Macro-Tani (12)
►
Koro-Holon (2)
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Tani (10)
►
Eastern Tani (2)
►
Bori-Karko
Bori (India)
Karko (India)
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►
Mising-Padam-Miri-Minyong
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Mising
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Pre-Western Tani (8)
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Damu-Tangam (2)
►
Damu
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Western Tani (6)
Apatani
►
Bokar-Ramo
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Subansiri (4)
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Bangni-Tagin (2)
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Na
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Miji (2)
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►
Olekha
►
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►
Raji-Raute (3)
Raji
►
Raute-Rawat (2)
Raute
Rawat
▼
Sinitic (26)
▼
Classical-Middle-Modern Sinitic (19)
Classical Chinese
▼
Middle-Modern Sinitic (18)
►
Gan Chinese
►
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Hakka Chinese
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Sixian
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Jianghuai Guanhua
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►
Loushao
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►
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►
Northern Pinghua
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►
Southern Pinghua
Nanning-Liuzhou Road Pinghua
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Upriver Liuzhou Pinghua
▼
Yue Chinese
►
Gaoyang
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▼
Siyi
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►
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►
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Leizhou
►
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Taibei Hokkien
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Zhangping-Longyan
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►
Zhongshan Min
Longdu
Nanlang
Sanxiang
►
Pu-Xian Chinese
Putian
Xianyou
►
Inland Min (2)
►
Min Bei Chinese
►
Northwestern Min Bei
Chong'an
Jian'ou
Jianyang
Songxi
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►
Shaojiang
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Shaowu
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►
Old Chinese
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Shanggu Hanyu
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►
Unclassified Sino-Tibetan (1)
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