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Spoken L1 Language:
Cashinahua
Classification
open Cashinahua
expand all
collapse all
▼
Pano-Tacanan (45)
▼
Panoan (38)
▼
Mainline Pano (30)
►
Cashibo-Cacataibo
Cacataibo de Mariscal
Cacataibo de Sinchi Roca
Cashibo
Kaxararí
▼
Pano Nawa (28)
►
Bolivian Nawa (4)
Chácobo
Karipuna
Pacahuara
►
Unclassified Bolivian Nawa (1)
Chiriva
Cashinawa of the Tarauacá river
►
Chama subgroup (4)
Panobo
Sensi
►
Shipibo-Konibo-Kapanawa (2)
►
Capanahua
Pahenbaquebo
►
Shipibo-Conibo
Conibo
Pisquibo
Shetebo
Shipibo
Shipibo del Madre de Dios
▼
Headwaters Pano (8)
►
Amahuaca
Inuvaken
Viwivakeu
▼
Cashinahua
Brazilian Kashinawa
Kapanawa of the Juruá River
Paranawa
Peruvian Kashinawa
Remo of the Moa river
►
Yaminawa Complex (5)
Shanenawa
►
Sharanahua
Chandinahua
Marinahua
Mastanahua
Shawannawa
►
Yaminahua
Chitonahua
Nuclear Yaminahua
Saynáwa
Xinane Yura
Yawanawa
Yora
►
Madre de Dios Pano (2)
Arazaire
Atsahuaca
►
Marubo Subgroup (2)
Marúbo
►
Panoan Katukína
Ararapina
Arara-Shawanawa
Ararawa
Sanainawa
►
Poyanawa Subgroup (5)
Isconahua
Nawa
►
Nukuini
Cuyanawa
Poyanáwa
Remo of the Jaquirana river
Remo of the Blanco river
Tuxináwa
►
Mayoruna Branch (8)
►
Mayo Group (7)
►
Matis subgroup (3)
Matís
Mayoruna-Amazon
Mayoruna-Jandiatuba
►
Matses subgroup (4)
Demushbo
Korubo
Kulina Pano
Matsés
Mayoruna-Tabatinga
►
Tacanan (7)
Cavineña
►
Takanik-Chamik (5)
►
Ese Ejja
Baawaja
Sonene
►
Takanik (4)
►
Araona-Toromono (2)
Araona
Toromono
Reyesano
►
Tacana
Ixiameño
Tumpaseño
►
Unclassified Tacanan (1)
Mabenaro
Comments on subclassification
David W. Fleck 2013
Sanderson Castro Soares de Oliveira 2023
Endangerment
AES status:
shifting
Source:
Campbell, Lyle and Lee, Nala Huiying and Okura, Eve and Simpson, Sean and Ueki, Kaori 2022
Comment:
Cashinahua (1846-cbs) = Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
(see
de Lima Kaxinawá 2011
)
Glottocode:
cash1254
ISO 639-3:
cbs
+
−
OpenStreetMap.Mapnik
OpenTopoMap
Stamen.Watercolor
Stamen.Terrain
Stamen.TerrainBackground
USGS.USTopo
USGS.USImagery
USGS.USImageryTopo
Leaflet
|
©
OpenStreetMap
contributors
show big map
Links
[cbs] at ISO 639-3
[cbs] at OLAC
[cbs] at IMTVault
Cashinahua at Endangered Languages Project
Cashinahua at WALS
Wikipedia
PHOIBLE
Wikidata
Alternative names
elcat:
Cashinahua
Cashinahuá
Caxinawa
Caxinawá
Hãtxa Kuĩ (Huni Kuin)
Kashinawa
Kashinawa Kaxinawá
Kaxinaua
Kaxinauá
Kaxinawa
Kaxinawá
Kaxynawa
Tuxinawa
lexvo:
Cashinahua [en]
Língua Caxinauá [pt]
moseley & asher (1994):
Cashinahua
multitree:
Cashinahua
Cashinahua (Brésil)
Cashinahua (Perú)
Cashinahua (Pérou)
Cashinahuá
Caxinawa
Caxinawá
Kashinawa
Kashinawa Kaxinawá
Kaxinaua
Kaxinauá
Kaxinawa
Kaxinawá
Kaxynawa
Tuxinawa
ruhlen (1987):
Kashinawa
wals:
Cashinahua
Countries
Brazil [BR]
Peru [PE]
References
⇫
Showing 1 to 100 of 197 entries
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Name
Title
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--any--
unknown
bibliographical
ethnographic
overview
dialectology
socling
minimal
comparative
wordlist
new_testament
text
phonology
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dictionary
grammar_sketch
grammar
--any--
anla
asjp2010
bahasa
benjamins
bibliolux
bowern
cldf
degruyter
eballiso2009
elpub
evobib
fabreall2009ann
gilbertese
gj
glossa
goba
guldemann
haspelmath
hedvig-tirailleur
hh
iso6393
jocp
langsci
lapolla-tibeto-burman
ldh
lewinmanx
ludger-paschen-germanic
marctang
mpieva
ofdn
otomanguean
ozbib
phoible
sala
schikowski_chintang
seifart
sil16
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sn
stampe
weball
zorcpapers
zurich
citation
Eliane Camargo 1991
Phonologie, morphologie et syntaxe: étude descriptive de la langue Caxinaua (Pano)
1991
471
grammar
cldf
,
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Kaxinawá, Joaquim Paulo de Lima 2014
Uma gramática da língua Hãtxa Kuĩ
2014
323
grammar
hh
citation
Kaxinawá, Joaquim Paulo de Lima 2014
Hãtxa Kuĩ Haska Xarabu
2014
323
grammar
hh
citation
Susan Montag 1979
Lecciones para el Aprendizaje del Idioma Cashinahua
1979
165
grammar
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Susan Montag 2004
Lições para a Aprendizagem da Língua Kaxinawá
2004
143
grammar
hh
,
ldh
,
sil16
citation
Camargo, Eliane 1992
Phonologie, morphologie et syntaxe: étude descriptive de la langue caxinauá
1992
grammar
fabreall2009ann
citation
Camargo-Bigot, Eliane 1991
Phonologie, morphologie, et syntaxe: étude descriptive de la language caxinauá
1991
grammar
cldf
citation
na 1974
Naturaleza y vida social 1: Manual para los cursos de naturaleza y vida social y práctica del castellano
1974
grammar
sil16
citation
Cromack, Robert Earl 1963
Cashinahua pedagogical grammar
1963
grammar
fabreall2009ann
citation
Montag, Susan 1981
Diccionario cashinahua
1981
621
dictionary
,
grammar_sketch
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
,
ldh
,
mpieva
,
sil16
citation
Capistrano de Abreu, João 1914
rã-txa hu-ni-ku-ĩ. A lingua dos Caxinauás do Rio Ibuaçu affluente do Muru
1914
640
text
,
dictionary
,
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Kaxinawá, Joaquim Paulo de Lima 2011
Confrontando registros e memórias sobre a língua e a cultura Huni Kui: de Capistrano de Abreu aos dias atuais
2011
194
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Eliane Camargo 1987
Esquisse Linguistique sur le Kashinawa, Langue de la Famille Pano
1987
88
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Johnston, Francis E. and Kenneth Kensinger 1969
The population structure of the Peruvian Cashinahua: demographic, genetic, and cultural interrelationship
1969
13
grammar_sketch
fabreall2009ann
citation
CAMARGO, E. 34
La Structure Actancielle du Caxinaua. La Linguistique, Paris, v
grammar_sketch
asjp2010
citation
Cromack, Robert Earl 2005
Language systems and discourse structure in Cashinawa
2005
grammar_sketch
ldh
citation
Cromack, R. E. 1969
Language Systems and Discourse Structure in Cashinawa
1969
grammar_sketch
cldf
citation
Camargo, Eliane 1995
Léxico Caxinauá-Português
1995
120
dictionary
hh
citation
Cromack, Robert E. 1968
Language systems and discourse structure in Cashinawa
1968
398
specific_feature
cldf
,
hh
,
mpieva
,
sil16
citation
Camargo, Eliane 2002
Cashinaua personal pronouns in grammatical relations
2002
20
specific_feature
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
,
zurich
citation
Camargo, Eliane 1996
Des marqueurs modaux en caxinaua
1996
20
specific_feature
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
,
langsci
,
zurich
citation
Camargo, Eliane 1998
La structure actancielle du caxinauá
1998
14
specific_feature
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
,
langsci
citation
Camargo, Eliane (por publicarse)
O discurso mediatizado em caxinauá
specific_feature
fabreall2009ann
citation
Camargo, Eliane 1993 [1996]
Esboço fonológico do caxinauá (pano)
1996
20
phonology
fabreall2009ann
citation
Camargo, Eliane 1995
Esboço fonológico do kaxinauá (Pano)
1995
20
phonology
fabreall2009ann
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1963
The phonological hierarchy of Cashinahua (Pano)
1963
11
phonology
fabreall2009ann
,
phoible
,
sil16
citation
na nd
World Oral Literature Project
text
cldf
citation
Monte, Nietta Lindenberg 1996
Escolas da floresta: entre o passado oral e o presente letrado
1996
text
fabreall2009ann
citation
Montag, Richard and others 1971-75
Textos cashinahua I-II-III
1971
text
fabreall2009ann
citation
de Carvalho, Braulino and Mauricio Sobrinho, Manoel 1929
Os Caxinauás
1929
37
ethnographic
,
wordlist
hh
citation
Paul Rivet and Tastevin, Constant 1927, 1929
Les dialectes Pano du Haut Juruá et du Haut Purus
1927
45
overview
,
comparative
,
wordlist
cldf
,
hh
citation
Felix Stegelmann 1902
Die Indianer des Rio Envira
1902
3
wordlist
hh
citation
de Aguiar, María Suelí 1992
Os grupos Nativos "Katukina"
1992
9
overview
,
socling
,
wordlist
hh
citation
Čestmír Loukotka 1963
Documents et vocabulaires inédits de langues et de dialectes sud-américains
1963
54
wordlist
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Waterhouse, Viola G. 1963
Studies in Peruvian Indian languages 1
1963
227
comparative
sil16
citation
Kenneth M. Kensinger 1985
Panoan Linguistic, Folkloristic and Ethnographic Research: Retrospect and Prospect
1985
62
overview
,
comparative
cldf
,
guldemann
,
hh
,
sil16
citation
David W. Fleck 2013
Panoan languages and linguistics
2013
116
bibliographical
,
overview
,
comparative
cldf
,
hh
,
langsci
citation
na 2016
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)
2016
comparative
cldf
citation
ed., Christopher Moseley 2010
Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
2010
comparative
cldf
citation
na 2009
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
2009
comparative
cldf
citation
Christino, Beatriz Protti 2006
A rede de capistrano de Abreu (1853-1927): uma análise historiográfica do rã-txa hu-ni-ku-åi em face da Sul-americanística dos anos 1890-1929
2006
233
bibliographical
,
minimal
hh
,
ldh
,
mpieva
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1993
Disposing of the dead in Cashinahua society
1993
4
socling
fabreall2009ann
citation
Mily Crevels 2012
Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking
2012
67
overview
,
socling
cldf
,
degruyter
,
hh
,
langsci
citation
Mily Crevels 2007
South America
2007
94
overview
,
socling
cldf
,
hh
citation
Maria S. de Aguiar 2007
The Brazilian Panoan Languages
2007
12
overview
,
socling
hh
citation
Tastevin, P. Constant 1925
Le fleuve Murú
1925
42
overview
hh
citation
Montag, Richard 1998
A tale of Pudicho's people: Cashinahua narrative accounts of European contact in the 20th century
1998
368
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
,
sil16
citation
Montag, Richard 1992
Cashinahua folklore: A structural analysis of oral tradition
1992
180
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
,
sil16
citation
Montag, Richard 2002
A tale of Pudicho's people: Cashinahua accounts of European contacts in the twentieth century
2002
179
ethnographic
sil16
citation
Montag, Richard 2006
Una historia del grupo de Pudicho: narración cashinahua que habla del contacto con los europeos en el siglo veinte
2006
151
ethnographic
sil16
citation
Kenneth M. Kensinger 1998
Los Cashinahua
1998
124
ethnographic
hh
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1964
Matrilocality and patrilineality in Cashinahua society
1964
30
ethnographic
sil16
citation
Batista, Ana Cristina Borges 1991
Kaxinaua
1991
25
ethnographic
hh
citation
Schultz, Harald and Vilma Chiara 1955
Informações sôbre os índios do alto rio Purus
1955
22
ethnographic
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Barbara Keifenheim 1997
Futurs Beaux-Frères ou Esclaves? Les Kashinawa découvrent des Indiens non contactés
1997
18
ethnographic
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1988
Invisible people: Ostracism in Cashinahua society
1988
10
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Cromack, Robert E. 1975
Relaciones entre el alimento y el ciclo vital en el grupo Cashinahua
1975
10
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
,
sil16
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1989
Hunting and male domination in Cashinahua society
1989
9
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Der Marderosian, Ara H. and Jew Ming Chao and Frederick J. Goldstein and Kenneth M. Kensinger 1970
The use and hallucinatory principles of a psychoactive beverage of the Cashinahua tribe, Amazon Basin
1970
6
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1965
The Cashinahua of Southeastern Peru
1965
6
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
,
sil16
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1967
Change and the Cashinahua
1967
5
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
,
sil16
citation
Johnston, Francis E. and Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1969
The Cashinahua and the study of evolution
1969
4
ethnographic
sil16
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 2003
Satisfaction, ambivalence, nostalgia, and regrets: Reflections on change in Cashinahua life 1955-1997
2003
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Calavia Sáez, Oscar 2002
Reseña de: Cecilia McCallum, 'How real people are made. Gender and sociality in Amazonia', Oxford, 2001
2002
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
McCallum, Cecilia 2001
How real people are made. Gender and sociality in Amazonia
2001
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Headland, Thomas N. 1996
Reseña de: K.M. Kensinger, "How real people ought to live: the Cashinahua of Eastern Peru"
1996
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
,
sil16
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1995
How Real People Ought to Live: The Cashinahua of Eastern Peru
1995
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
na 1995
Shenipabu Miyui: história dos antigos
1995
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
McCallum, Cecilia 1994
Incas e os Nawa: Produção, transformação, e transcendência na história Kaxinaua
1994
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1994
The way real people ought to live: Essays on the Peruvian Cashinahua
1994
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Aquino, Terry Valle de and Marcelo Manuel Piedrafita Iglesias 1994
Kaxinawa do rio Jordão: história, território, economia e desen-volvimento sustentado
1994
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1993
Leadership and factionalism in Cashinahua society
1993
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1984
Sex and food: reciprocity in Cashinahua society
1984
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1980
The dialectics of the Person and self in Cashinahua society
1980
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1974
Leadership and factionalism in Cashinahua society
1974
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Abreu, João Capistrano de 1914
Rã-txa hu-ni-ku-i: a lingua dos Caxinauás do rio Ibuaçu Affluente do muru (Prefeitura de Tarauacá)
1914
630
mpieva
citation
na 1981
Una 4 (libro 4 para la lectura y escritura)
1981
180
sil16
citation
na 1983
Matemática 2: Texto de consulta para segundo grado
1983
163
sil16
citation
Montag, Susan 2004
Lecciones para el aprendizaje del idioma Kashinawa
2004
143
cldf
,
sil16
citation
na 1981
Una 3 (Libro 3 para la lectura y escritura)
1981
116
sil16
citation
na 1972
Kenekinan 1
1972
111
sil16
citation
na 1972
Kenekinan 2
1972
109
sil16
citation
na 1982
Nukun yuda jau isin teneyamanun javada tapinankanven (Cómo se puede tener buena salud: Libro para las ciencias naturales)
1982
100
sil16
citation
Capristano de Abreu, J. 1938
Os Caxinauás
1938
83
fabreall2009ann
citation
Kensinger, Kenneth M. 1975
Studying the Cashinahua
1975
77
fabreall2009ann
citation
na 1971
Cálculo 4
1971
76
sil16
citation
na 1974
Cálculo 7
1974
72
sil16
citation
na 1972
Cálculo 5
1972
68
sil16
citation
na 1972
Cálculo 6
1972
59
sil16
citation
na 1965
Una 2
1965
58
sil16
citation
na 1971
Una 5
1971
51
sil16
citation
na 1999
Una 7
1999
48
sil16
citation
na 1971
Una 4
1971
48
sil16
citation
na 1965
Una 1
1965
48
sil16
citation
McCallum, Cecilia 1997
Comendo com Txai, comendo com Txai: a sexualização das relações étnicas na Amazônia contemporânea
1997
39
fabreall2009ann
citation
Tastevin, R.P. Constantin 1926
Le Haut-Tarahuaca
1926
39
fabreall2009ann
citation
Camargo, Eliane 2000
Grafando o ágrafo: um ponto de vista lingüístico a partir do caxinauá
2000
37
fabreall2009ann
citation
McCallum, Cecilia 1996
Morte e pessoa ente os Kaxinawá
1996
36
fabreall2009ann
citation
Lagrou, Elsje Maria 2001
Identidade e alteridade a partir da perspectiva Kaxinawa
2001
35
fabreall2009ann
citation
Lagrou, Elsje Maria 1996
Xamanismo e representação entre os Kaxinawá
1996
35
fabreall2009ann
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