@phdthesis{150954,
  author          = {Jenkins, Rebecca Sue},
  pages           = {315},
  school          = {University of South Carolina},
  title           = {Language Contact and Composite Structures in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea},
  year            = {2000},
  abstract        = {This dissertation examines language contact phenomena in New Ireland Province of Papua New Guinea. It discusses a wide range of such phenomena including codeswitching (CS); borrowing; convergence; language shift, attrition, and death; and pidgin/creole formation within the theoretical framework of the related extended Matrix Language Frame, Abstract Level, and 4-M models. The concentration of languages in New Ireland, the widespread use of Tok Pisin as a lingua franca, and an educational system using English as the medium of instruction creates an environment of extensive language contact. The primary focus of the study is a comparison of Tok Pisin with the Austronesian (AN) substrate languages, using Tigak as a typical AN language. The hypotheses tested propose that the AN substrate provides the morphosyntactic frame for Tok Pisin and that this frame is a composite Matrix Language (CML) based on those very similar Austronesian languages, that the (CML) and constituent types change as the linguistic situation changes, that morpheme type restricts the source of morphemes in a pidgin, and that the direction of influence can change as a contact language stabilizes. The results provide extensive evidence of the composite nature of the morphosyntactic frame of Tok Pisin and of its AN source and demonstrate current changes in constituent types and the (CML) structure in Tok Pisin due to renewed English influence. The results verify that content and early system morphemes may come from any language contributing to a pidgin, but that late system morphemes are restricted in predictable ways. The variability produced by L1 interference is also documented. A secondary focus of the study is the analysis of other contact situations in northwestern New Ireland. The results show that the languages have influenced each other in the past but that the strongest current influences are those exerted by Tok Pisin and English on the indigenous languages. The influence of these two languages is producing extensive CS, borrowing, language change due to convergence to Tok Pisin and English, and language attrition.},
  adviser         = {Myers-Scotton, Carol},
  bestfn          = {papua\jenkins_new-ireland2000_o.pdf},
  besttxt         = {ptxt\papua\jenkins_composite2000.txt},
  cfn             = {papua\jenkins_new-ireland2000_o.pdf},
  country         = {Papua New Guinea [PG]},
  degree          = {PhD},
  delivered       = {papua\jenkins_new-ireland2000_o.pdf},
  digital_formats = {PDF 12.41Mb image-only PDF},
  fn              = {papua\jenkins_composite2000v2.pdf, papua\jenkins_new-ireland2000_o.pdf, papua\jenkins_composite2000.pdf, papua\jenkins _composite2000v2.pdf},
  hhtype          = {comparative;socling},
  inlg            = {English [eng]},
  isbn            = {9780493149417},
  lgcode          = {Tok Pisin [tpi]},
  macro_area      = {Papunesia},
  oclc            = {702413786},
  sil_id          = {41796},
  source          = {DAI-A 62/02, p. 552, Aug 2001},
  src             = {hh, sil16},
  subject         = {LANGUAGE, LINGUISTICS (0290)},
  umi_id          = {3006044}
}