@article{310307,
  address    = {Amsterdam/Philadephia},
  author     = {Koen Bostoen and Joseph Koni Muluwa},
  journal    = {Journal of Historical Linguistics},
  number     = {2},
  pages      = {247-268},
  publisher  = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
  title      = {Vowel split in Hungan (Bantu H42, Kwilu, DRC): A contact-induced language internal change},
  url        = {https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.1.2.04bos},
  volume     = {1},
  year       = {2011},
  abstract   = {This paper examines the diachronic origin of a vowel split in the Bantu language Hungan. It is shown that the inherited Proto-Bantu seven-vowel (7V) system was first reduced to a classical five-vowel (5V) system before the Kipuka variety of Hungan developed a new kind of 7V system. Such a 7V>5V>7V cycle has never before been described in Bantu. The new 7V system is thus the end product of a vowel merger and a vowel split which succeeded each other, but it could be mistaken for the outcome of a chain shift. The vowel split itself started out as an internally-motivated allophonic variation between tense and lax mid vowels that subsequently became phonologized through an externally-motivated loss of the conditioning environment. It can therefore be considered as a contact-induced language-internal change.},
  bestfn     = {africa\bostoen-muluwa_hungan2011.pdf},
  besttxt    = {ptxt2\africa\bostoen-muluwa_hungan2011.txt},
  cfn        = {africa\bostoen-muluwa_hungan2011.pdf},
  delivered  = {africa\bostoen-muluwa_hungan2011.pdf},
  doi        = {10.1075/jhl.1.2.04bos},
  fn         = {africa\bostoen-muluwa_hungan2011.pdf},
  hhtype     = {comparative},
  inlg       = {English [eng]},
  issn       = {2210-2116},
  keywords   = {Hungan, Bantu, vowel merger, vowel split, chain shift, contact-induced change, phonologization},
  lgcode     = {Hungan = Hungana [hum]},
  macro_area = {Africa},
  src        = {benjamins, hh}
}