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Spoken L1 Language:
Mískito
Classification
open Mískito
expand all
collapse all
▼
Misumalpan (5)
▼
Mískito
Baymuna
Cabo
Honduran Mískito
Tawira
Wanki
►
Sumalpan (4)
►
Matagalpan (2)
Cacaopera
Matagalpa
►
Sumuic (2)
►
Mayangna
Panamahka
Twahka-Bawihka
►
Ulwa
Kukra
Nuclear Ulwa
Comments on subclassification
Baron Pineda 2005
Endangerment
AES status:
not endangered
Source:
Campbell, Lyle and Lee, Nala Huiying and Okura, Eve and Simpson, Sean and Ueki, Kaori 2022
Comment:
Mískito (4660-miq) = At risk (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
(see
Pineda 2005
)
Glottocode:
misk1235
ISO 639-3:
miq
+
−
OpenStreetMap.Mapnik
OpenTopoMap
Stamen.Watercolor
Stamen.Terrain
Stamen.TerrainBackground
USGS.USTopo
USGS.USImagery
USGS.USImageryTopo
Leaflet
|
©
OpenStreetMap
contributors
show big map
Links
[miq] at ISO 639-3
[miq] at OLAC
[miq] at IMTVault
Miskito at WALS
Mískito at Endangered Languages Project
Mískito at Grambank
Wikipedia
Wikidata
Alternative names
elcat:
Marquito
Miskito
Misquito
Mosco
Mosquito
Mískito
Mískitu
Mísquito
glottolog:
Miskito
lexvo:
Idioma mísquito [es]
Miskito [nn]
Miskito language [en]
Miskitu simi [qu]
Mískito [en]
moseley & asher (1994):
Miskito
multitree:
Marquito
Miskito
Miskitu
Misquito
Mosco
Mosquito
Mískito
Mískitu
Mísquito
ruhlen (1987):
Mískitu
wals:
Miskito
wals other:
Mosquito
Countries
Honduras [HN]
Nicaragua [NI]
References
⇫
Showing 1 to 100 of 172 entries
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Name
Title
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Year
Pages
Doctype
ca
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da
--any--
unknown
bibliographical
ethnographic
overview
dialectology
socling
minimal
comparative
wordlist
new_testament
text
phonology
specific_feature
dictionary
grammar_sketch
grammar
--any--
anla
asjp2010
bahasa
benjamins
bibliolux
bowern
cldf
degruyter
eballiso2009
elpub
evobib
fabreall2009ann
gilbertese
gj
glossa
goba
guldemann
haspelmath
hedvig-tirailleur
hh
iso6393
jocp
langsci
lapolla-tibeto-burman
ldh
lewinmanx
ludger-paschen-germanic
marctang
mpieva
ofdn
otomanguean
ozbib
phoible
sala
schikowski_chintang
seifart
sil16
silpng
sn
stampe
weball
zorcpapers
zurich
citation
Danilo Salamanca 1988
Elementos de Gramática del Miskito
1988
380
grammar
asjp2010
,
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
,
langsci
,
ldh
,
mpieva
citation
CIDCA 1985
Miskitu Bila Aisanka: Gramática Miskita
1985
228
grammar
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Lucien Adam 1891
Langue Mosquito: Grammaire, vocabulaire, textes
1891
134
grammar
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Adam, Lucien 1968
Langue Mosquito: grammaire, vocabulaire, textes
1968
131
grammar
mpieva
citation
na 1944
A grammar of the Miskito language
1944
38
grammar
mpieva
citation
Heath, George R. 1913
Notes on Miskito grammar and on other Indian languages of eastern Nicaragua
1913
15
grammar
fabreall2009ann
citation
Berkenhagen, Hermann 1984
Grammar of the Miskito language
1984
grammar
fabreall2009ann
citation
Ethel Martínez Webster 1995
Introducción al estudio de la lengua miskita
1995
180
grammar_sketch
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Badlato, Margaret Peggy 2000
Miskitu Discourse
2000
261
specific_feature
,
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
H. Berckenhagen 1894
Grammar of the Miskito Language with Exercises and Vocabulary
1894
114
grammar_sketch
guldemann
,
hh
citation
Herlihy, Laura Hobson 2017
Yamni Balram (Welcome!): A Miskitu Grammar and Workbook
2017
112
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Alexander Henderson 1846
A Grammar of the Moskito language
1846
59
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Alexander I. Cotheal 1848
A Grammatical Sketch of the Language Spoken by the Indians of the Mosquito Shore
1848
30
grammar_sketch
cldf
,
hh
citation
Hale, Charles R. 1987
Inter-ethnic relations and class structure in Nicaragua'a Atlantic Coast
1987
25
grammar_sketch
fabreall2009ann
citation
Thaeler, M.D. and A.O. Thaeler no date
Miskito grammar
24
grammar_sketch
cldf
,
hh
citation
Arguedas Cortés, Gilda R. 1986
Morfología flexiva del miskito: el sustantivo
1986
20
grammar_sketch
fabreall2009ann
,
guldemann
citation
Eduard Conzemius 1929
Notes on the Miskito and Sumu Languages of Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras
1929
59
grammar_sketch
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
guldemann
,
hh
citation
Helms, Mary W. 1986
Of kings and contexts: ethnohistorical interpretations of Miskito political structure and function
1986
18
grammar_sketch
fabreall2009ann
citation
G. R. Heath 1913
Notes on Miskuto Grammar and on Other Indian Languages of Eastern Nicaragua
1913
15
grammar_sketch
hh
,
langsci
citation
Gruenewald, Eduard 1879
Gramatik der Mosquito-Sprache
1879
11
grammar_sketch
fabreall2009ann
citation
Wickham, Henry Alexander 1869
Notes on a journey among the Woolwa and Miskito Indians
1869
11
grammar_sketch
fabreall2009ann
citation
Arguedas Cortés, Gilda R. 1986
Morfología reflexiva del miskito
1986
grammar_sketch
fabreall2009ann
citation
Heath, George Reinke 1927
Grammar of the Miskito Language
1927
grammar_sketch
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Berkenhagen, Hermann 1905
English - Miskito - Spanish phrase book
1905
grammar_sketch
fabreall2009ann
citation
Dionisio Francisco Melgara Brown 2008
Diccionario Español-Miskito / Miskito-Español
2008
475
dictionary
hh
citation
Heath, George Reinke and W. G. Marx 1953
Diccionario Miskito-Español, Español-Miskito
1953
242
dictionary
hh
citation
Matamoros B., Jorge 1996
Diccionario Miskitu-Miskitu, Español-Miskito
1996
140
dictionary
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Gruenewald, Eduard 1879
Moskito-Deutsch und Deutsch-Mosquito Wörterbuch
1879
19
dictionary
fabreall2009ann
citation
Matamoros B., Jorge and Danilo Salamanca 1995
Diccionario Miskito-Español
1995
dictionary
fabreall2009ann
citation
Marx, Werner G. 1983
Diccionario Miskito-Español, Español-Miskito
1983
dictionary
fabreall2009ann
citation
Heath, George Reinke and Heath, George Reinke 1983
Diccionario Miskito-Español, Español-Miskito
1983
dictionary
fabreall2009ann
citation
Marx, Werner G. 1961
Diccionario Miskito-Español, Español-Miskito
1961
dictionary
fabreall2009ann
citation
Heath, G. R. and Marx, W. G. 1961
Diccionario Miskito-Español, Español-Miskito
1961
dictionary
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
citation
Vaugham Warman, Adolfo I. 1959
Diccionario trilingüe Miskito-Español-Inglés
1959
dictionary
fabreall2009ann
citation
Berkenhagen, Hermann 1906
Pocket dictionary: Miskito-English-Spanish and English-Miskito-Spanish
1906
dictionary
fabreall2009ann
citation
Ziock, H. 1894
Dictionary of the English and Miskito language
1894
dictionary
fabreall2009ann
citation
Arguedas Cortés, Gilda R. 1987
La flexión verbal en miskito
1987
13
specific_feature
fabreall2009ann
citation
Constenla Umaña, Adolfo 1991
Las lenguas del área intermedia: introducción a su estudio areal
1991
216
overview
,
comparative
,
specific_feature
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Johanna Nichols 1992
Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time
1992
373
overview
,
comparative
,
specific_feature
cldf
,
evobib
,
fabreall2009ann
,
gj
,
glossa
,
guldemann
,
hh
,
langsci
,
ozbib
,
seifart
citation
Constenla Umaña, Alfredo 1987
Elementos de fonología comparada de las lenguas misumalpas
1987
33
overview
,
comparative
,
phonology
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
na nd
World Oral Literature Project
text
cldf
citation
Ramos, Victor Manuel 2013
Diccionario de las lenguas de Honduras
2013
296
wordlist
hh
citation
CIDCA 1986
Diccionario elemental Miskito-Español/Español-Miskito
1986
72
wordlist
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Walther Lehmann 1920
Zentral-Amerika: Die Sprachen Zentral-Amerikas
1920
607
overview
,
wordlist
hh
citation
Jamieson, Mark 1998
Linguistic innovation and relationship terminology in the Pearl Lagoon basin of Nicaragua
1998
18
comparative
fabreall2009ann
citation
Hale, Kenneth L. 1994
10 Preliminary Observations on Lexical and Semantic Primitives in the Misumalpan Languages of Nicaragua
1994
21
comparative
benjamins
,
cldf
citation
Karl Bouda 1962
Miskito und Sumo
1962
35
overview
,
comparative
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Pineda, Baron 2005
Miskito and Misulmapan Languages
2005
3
comparative
cldf
citation
Baron Pineda 2005
Miskito and Misumalpan Languages
2005
3
overview
,
comparative
hh
citation
na 2009
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
2009
comparative
cldf
citation
Hale, Ken 1996
El causativo de misumalpa (miskitu, sumu). III Encuentro Internacional de Lingüística en el Noroeste. Tomo I: lenguas indígenas, vol. 1: 79-95
1996
comparative
fabreall2009ann
citation
Conzemius, Eduard 1932
Ethnographical surveys of the Miskito and Sumu Indians of Honduras and Nicaragua
1932
socling
fabreall2009ann
citation
Offen, Karl H. 2002
The Sambo and Tawira Miskitu: the colonial origins and geography of intra-Miskitu differen-tiation in Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras
2002
54
dialectology
fabreall2009ann
citation
Nietschmann, Bernard 1969
The Distribution of Miskito, Sumu, and Rama Indians, Eastern Niceragua
1969
12
ethnographic
,
overview
hh
citation
CIDCA 1985
Trabil nani: Miskito for "many troubles": historical background and current situation on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua. A report of the CIDCA
1985
overview
fabreall2009ann
citation
De Angelis, Patricia Sue 2000
Miskito Indian ethnobotany in northeastern Nicaragua
2000
493
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Eduard Conzemius 1932
Ethnographical Survey of the Miskito and Sumu Indians of Honduras and Nicaragua
1932
191
ethnographic
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
,
hh
citation
Hale, Charles R. 1992
Nociones contenciosas de los derechos sobre la tierra en la historia miskita
1992
19
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Benza Pflücker, G. 1988
Los indios miskitos frente a la revoución sandinista, historia de un desencuentro étnico
1988
19
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Helms, Mary W. 1969
The purchase society: adaptation to economic frontiers
1969
18
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Heath, George Reinke 1950
Miskito glossary with ethnographic commentary
1950
15
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Helms, M. W. 1969
The Cultural Ecology of a Colonial Tribe
1969
9
ethnographic
cldf
,
fabreall2009ann
citation
Marx, Werner G. 1983
Miskitus in Nicaragua. Latin American scholars support the Miskitu people
1983
2
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
CIDCA 198
Karawala: una introducción a su historia, cultura, economía y política
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Dodds, David John 1994
The ecological and social sustainability of Miskito subsistence in the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras: the cultural ecology of swidden horticulturalists in a protected area
1994
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
García, Claudia 1991
Daily life in its sacred expression. A study of the Miskitos
1991
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Ortiz, Roxanne Dunbar 1982
The Miskitu people, ethnicity and the Atlantic coast
1982
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
CIDCA 1982
Demografía costeña. Notas sobre la historia demográfica y población actual de los grupos étnicos de la Costa Atlántica nicaragüense
1982
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Nietschmann, Bernard 1979
Caribbean edge: the coming of modern times to isolated people and wild life
1979
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Nietschmann, Bernard 1973
Between land and water: the subsisting ecology of the Miskito Indians, Eastern Nicaragua
1973
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Nietschmann, B. 1973
Between Land and Water
1973
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Helms, M. W. 1971
Asang: Adaptations to culture contact in a Miskito community
1971
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Helms, Mary 1971
Asang: Adapations to Culture Contact in a Miskito Community
1971
ethnographic
hh
citation
Nietschmann, Bernard 1970
Between land and water: the subsistence ecology of the Miskito Indians, eastern Nica-ragua
1970
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Helms, M. 1970
Matrilocality and the maintenance of ethnic identity: the Miskito of eastern Nicaragua and Honduras
1970
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Helms, Mary W. 1967
Frontier society: life in a Miskito village in Eastern Nicaragua
1967
ethnographic
fabreall2009ann
citation
Pijoan, Michel 1946
The Health and Customs of the Miskito Indians of North Nicaragua: Interrelationships in a Medical Program
1946
ethnographic
cldf
citation
na 1985
Miskitu bila aisanka = Gramatika miskita Gramatika miskita
1985
223
mpieva
citation
Dennis, Philip A. 1981
Grisi siknis among the Miskito
1981
60
fabreall2009ann
citation
Massajoli, Pierleone 1968
I Sumu e i Miskito
1968
54
fabreall2009ann
citation
Olien, Michael 1983
The Miskito kings and the line of succession
1983
44
fabreall2009ann
citation
Olien, Michael D. 1987
Micro/macro-level linkages: regional political structures on the Mosquito Coast, 1845-1864
1987
32
fabreall2009ann
citation
Helms, Mary W. 1976
Domestic organization in eastern Central America: The San Blas Cuna, Miskito, and Black Carib compared
1976
31
fabreall2009ann
citation
Helms, Mary W. 1978
Coastal adaptations as contact phenomena among the Miskito and Cuna Indians of Lower Central America
1978
29
fabreall2009ann
citation
Hale, Charles R. 1987
Institutional struggle, conflict and reconciliation: Miskitu Indians and the Nicaraguan state (1979-1985)
1987
28
fabreall2009ann
citation
Dennis, Philip A. 1981
The Costeños and the Revolution in Nicaragua
1981
26
fabreall2009ann
citation
Olien, Michael 1989
Were the Miskito Indiand black? Ethnicity. politics and plagiarism in the mid-nineteenth century
1989
24
fabreall2009ann
citation
Dennis, Philip A. 1993
The Miskito-Sandinista conflict in Nicaragua in the 1980s
1993
21
fabreall2009ann
citation
Hale, Charles 1988
Relaciones interétnicas y la estructura de clases en la costa atlántica de Nicaragua
1988
21
fabreall2009ann
citation
Helms, Mary W. 1983
Miskito slaving and culture contact: ethnicity and opportunity in an expanding population
1983
19
fabreall2009ann
citation
Holm, John A. 1977
Miskito words in Belize Creole
1977
19
fabreall2009ann
citation
Helms, Mary W. 1970
Matrifocality, social solidarity, and culture contact: three case stories
1970
19
fabreall2009ann
citation
Dennis, Philip A. 1984
Kingship among the Miskitos
1984
18
fabreall2009ann
citation
Bourgois, Philippe 1981
Class, ethnicity and the state among the Miskitu Amerindians of Northeastern Nicaragua
1981
18
fabreall2009ann
citation
Hale, Ken 1984
The causative construction in Miskitu
1984
17
fabreall2009ann
citation
Moore, John H. 1986
The Miskitu national question in Nicaragua: background to misunderstanding
1986
16
fabreall2009ann
citation
Helms, Mary W. 1977
Negro or Indian? The changing identity of a frontier population
1977
16
fabreall2009ann
citation
Hale, Ken and Danilo Salamanca 1988
Miskitu Bila ba Ani Wina Bal Takan ba (la naturaleza del miskito y cuáles son las principales dificultades para aprenderlo)
1988
15
fabreall2009ann
citation
Olien, Michael 1985
E.G. Squier and the Miskito: anthropological scholarship and political propaganda
1985
15
fabreall2009ann
citation
Flores Andino, Francisco 1991
Medecina tradicional, magia y mitos entre los Miskitos de Honduras
1991
14
fabreall2009ann
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