@phdthesis{49898,
  address               = {Ann Arbor},
  author                = {Hopkins, Tometro},
  pages                 = {337},
  publisher             = {UMI},
  school                = {Indiana University},
  title                 = {Issues in the Study of Afro-Creoles: Afro-Cuban and Gullah},
  year                  = {1992},
  abstract              = {This study addresses two major issues relevant to the understanding of pidgin and creole languages. The first issue is concerned with what constitutes a pidgin and a creole. Chapter 2 of this study examines the extensive literature on pidgins and creoles, with specific reference to the creole status of Gullah and Afro-Cuban. The second issue related to the first is what are the relationships between pidgins and creoles. Linguistic data from Afro-Cuban and Gullah will be used in the discussion of this issue. With regard to Afro-Cuban, the focus will be on phonology where I discuss the presence of the labiovelar stops /kp/ and /gb/ in Afro-Cuban Spanish. The issue that will be examined is the role of the mother tongue in pidgin and creole development. In Chapter 3 of this study, it will be argued that the labiovelar stops present in the phonology of Afro-Cuban Spanish have their origin in the individual mother tongues of the African slaves that settled in Cuba in the fifteenth century onward. With regard to Gullah, the focus will be on the auxiliary verbs da and bin. The development of these auxiliary verbs will be discussed within the issue of decreolization. Bickerton has proposed that decreolization proceeds through linguistic replacement. In this sense, the auxiliaries da and bin would be replaced with new morphemes from standard English. Chapter 4 of this study will provide observations of da and bin in Gullah which show that these auxiliaries are not necessarily following the developmental sequence of decreolization as outlined by Bickerton. However, they do seem to follow a sequence he recognizes as natural change, the natural linguistic change a creole will undergo whether or not it decreolizes. It will be argued in this chapter that the auxiliaries da and bin in Gullah are following a natural rather than decreolizing sequence of development.},
  adviser               = {Bird, Charles S.},
  bestfn                = {north_america\hopkins_afro-creoles1992_o.pdf},
  besttxt               = {ptxt2\north_america\hopkins_afro-cuban-gullah1992.txt},
  cfn                   = {north_america\hopkins_afro-creoles1992_o.pdf},
  class_loc             = {P2000},
  degree                = {PhD},
  delivered             = {north_america\hopkins_afro-creoles1992_o.pdf},
  digital_formats       = {PDF 11.28Mb image-only PDF},
  document_type         = {B},
  fn                    = {north_america\hopkins_gullah1992.pdf, north_america\hopkins_afro-cuban-gullah1992.pdf, north_america\hopkins_gullah1992_o.pdf, north_america\hopkins_afro-creoles1992_o.pdf, africa\hopkins _creoles1992_o.pdf},
  hhtype                = {specific_feature},
  inlg                  = {English [eng]},
  lgcode                = {Sea Island Creole English [gul]},
  macro_area            = {North America},
  mpi_eva_library_shelf = {P 2000 HOP 2007},
  mpifn                 = {creoles_hopkins1992_o.pdf},
  source                = {DAI-A 53/06, p. 1889, Dec 1992},
  src                   = {hh, mpieva, weball},
  subject               = {LANGUAGE, LINGUISTICS (0290); ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL (0326); FOLKLORE (0358)},
  subject_headings      = {Sea Islands Creole dialect – Study and teaching, Creole dialects, Spanish – Cuba – Study and teaching, Sea Islands Creole dialect – Study and teaching – Creole dialects, Spanish – Cuba – Study and teaching},
  umi_id                = {9231556}
}