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Spoken L1 Language:
Kawaiisu
Classification
open Kawaiisu
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Uto-Aztecan (69)
▼
Northern Uto-Aztecan (16)
►
Californian Uto-Aztecan (7)
►
Cupan (4)
►
Cahuilla-Cupeno (2)
►
Cahuilla
Desert Cahuilla
Mountain Cahuilla
Pass Cahuilla
Cupeño
►
Luiseno-Juaneño
Juaneño
Luiseño
►
Unclassified Cupan (1)
Island Takic
►
Serran (2)
►
Serrano
Kitanemuk
Nuclear Serrano
Vanyume
Tongva
Tübatulabal
►
Hopi
First Mesa
Second Mesa
Third Mesa
▼
Numic (7)
►
Central Numic (3)
Comanche
Panamint
►
Shoshoni
Gosiute
Northern Shoshoni
Western Shoshoni
▼
Southern Numic (2)
Kawaiisu
►
Ute-Southern Paiute
Chemehuevi
Southern Paiute
Ute
►
Western Numic (2)
Mono (USA)
►
Northern Paiute
Bannock
North Northern Paiute
South Northern Paiute
►
Unclassified Northern Uto-Aztecan (1)
Omomil
►
Southern Uto-Aztecan (53)
►
Cahitan (2)
Mayo
Yaqui
►
Corachol-Aztecan (34)
►
Aztec (31)
►
Eastern Nahuatl (14)
Central Puebla Nahuatl
►
Huasteca Nahuatl (3)
Central Huasteca Nahuatl
►
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
Southeastern Huasteca Nahuatl
►
Western Huasteca Nahuatl
Western Huasteca Náhuatl
►
Isthmus-Pipil Nahuatl (5)
►
Isthmus Nahuatl (4)
Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl
Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl
Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl
Tabasco Nahuatl
Pipil
Ometepec Nahuatl
►
Orizaba Nahuatl
Ixhuatlancillo Nahuatl
►
Sierra de Puebla Nahuatl (3)
Highland Puebla Nahuatl
Huaxcaleca Nahuatl
Sierra Negra Nahuatl
Pochutec
►
Western Nahuatl (16)
►
Central Nahuatl (10)
►
Central Guerrero Nahuatl
►
Oapanic
Ameyaltepec-Xalitla
San Marcos Oacacingo
►
Tonogenetic Balsas Nahuatl
Ahuelicán
San Agustín Oapan-Analco-Tula del Rio
Ostotipan-San Francisco Ozomatlán
San Juan Tetelcingo-Tlamamacán
San Juan Totolcintla-Ahuetlixpa
San Miguel Tecuiciapan
Classical Nahuatl
Morelos Nahuatl
Northern Puebla Nahuatl
Tetelcingo Nahuatl
►
Tlaxcala-Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl (5)
►
Southeast Puebla-Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl (2)
Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl
Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl
►
Tlaxcala-Puebla-Pastoral Nahuatl (2)
Santa María La Alta Nahuatl
Tlaxcala-Puebla-Central Nahuatl
Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl
►
Western Periphery-North Guerrero Nahuatl (6)
►
North Guerrero Nahuatl (2)
Coatepec Nahuatl
Tlamacazapa Nahuatl
Temascaltepec Nahuatl
►
Western Periphery Nahuatl (3)
►
Durango Nahuatl (2)
Eastern Durango Nahuatl
Western Durango Nahuatl
Michoacán Nahuatl
►
Corachol (3)
►
Coran (2)
►
El Nayar Cora
Jesús María Cora
La Mesa del Nayar Cora
Presidio de los Reyes Cora
San Francisco Cora
►
Santa Teresa Cora
Dolores Cora
Nuclear Santa Teresa Cora
Rosarito Cora
San Blasito Cora
San Juan Corapan Cora
►
Huichol
Coyultita
San Andrés Cohamiata
San Sebastián-Santa Catarina
►
Opata-Eudeve (2)
Eudeve
Teguima
►
Tarahumara-Guarijio (6)
►
Huarijio
Highland Huarijío
Lowland Huarijío
►
Tarahumaran (5)
Central Tarahumara
►
Southeastern Tarahumara
Chinatú Tarahumara
Turuachi
►
Unclassified Tarahumaran (2)
Northern Tarahumara
Southwestern Tarahumara
►
Western Tarahumara
Guazapar
Urique Tarahumara
Uruachi Tarahumara
►
Tepiman (6)
►
Piman (2)
►
Pima Bajo
Chihuahua Pima Bajo
Sonora Pima Bajo
►
Tohono O'odham
Akimel O'odham
Tohono O'odam
►
Tepehuan (4)
Northern Tepehuan
►
Southern Tepehuan (3)
Southeastern Tepehuan
Southwestern Tepehuan
Tepecano
Tubar
►
Unclassified Southern Uto-Aztecan (2)
Coca
Jova
Comments on subclassification
Andrew Garrett and Molly Babel and Michael Houser and Maziar Toosarvandani 2013
Endangerment
AES status:
nearly extinct
Source:
Campbell, Lyle and Lee, Nala Huiying and Okura, Eve and Simpson, Sean and Ueki, Kaori 2022
Comment:
Kawaiisu (2295-xaw) = Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available) (The language is highly endangered with only 3 fluent native speakers, all over the age of 60.)
(see
Green 2013
)
Glottocode:
kawa1283
ISO 639-3:
xaw
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OpenStreetMap
contributors
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Links
[xaw] at ISO 639-3
[xaw] at OLAC
[xaw] at IMTVault
Kawaiisu at Endangered Languages Project
Kawaiisu at Grambank
Kawaiisu at WALS
Wikipedia
PHOIBLE
Wikidata
Alternative names
elcat:
Kawaiisu
lexvo:
Kawaiisu [en]
Kawaiisu language [en]
moseley & asher (1994):
Kawaiisu
multitree:
Kawaiisu
ruhlen (1987):
Kawaiisu
wals:
Kawaiisu
Countries
United States [US]
References
⇫
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anla
asjp2010
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cldf
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evobib
fabreall2009ann
gilbertese
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citation
Zigmond, Maurice L. and Munro, Pamela [Hrsg.] Booth, Curtis G. 1991
Kawaiisu: a grammar and dictionary with texts
1991
415
grammar
mpieva
citation
Maurice L. Zigmond and Curtis G. Booth and Pamela Munro 1990
Kawaiisu: A Grammar and Dictionary with Texts
1990
399
grammar
asjp2010
,
cldf
,
hh
citation
Zigmond, Maurice L. and Munro, Pamela and Booth, Curtis G. 1991
Kawaiisu, a grammar and dictionary with texts
1991
grammar
cldf
,
langsci
citation
na 1990
Kawaiisu: A Grammar and Dictionary with Texts
1990
grammar
cldf
citation
na nd
World Oral Literature Project
text
cldf
citation
Golla, Victor 2011
California Indian languages
2011
395
bibliographical
,
overview
,
comparative
cldf
,
hh
citation
Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Campbell, Lyle 2010
Endangered Languages of the United States
2010
23
comparative
cldf
citation
ed., Christopher Moseley 2010
Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
2010
comparative
cldf
citation
na 2009
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
2009
comparative
cldf
citation
Green, Lydia 2013
The Kawaiisu language revitalization effort in southern California
2013
11
socling
cldf
citation
Victor Golla 2007
North America
2007
96
overview
,
socling
cldf
,
hh
citation
Voegelin, E. W. 1938
Tübatulabal Ethnography
1938
84
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Steward, J. H. 1938
Basin-Plateau Aboriginal Sociopolitical Groups
1938
346
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Zigmond, Maurice 1986
Kawaiisu
1986
14
ethnographic
cldf
,
hh
citation
Driver, H. E. 1937
Southern Sierra Nevada
1937
102
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Gifford, E. W. 1917
Tubatulabal and Kawaiisu Kinship Terms
1917
30
ethnographic
cldf
,
mpieva
citation
Zigmond, Maurice L. 1938
Kawaiisu Territory
1938
5
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Langacker, Ronald W. 1976
Non-distinct arguments in Uto-Aztecan
1976
254
cldf
,
langsci
,
mpieva
citation
Booth, Curtis G. 1979
Postpositions as Verbs in Kawaiisu
1979
6
cldf
,
zurich
citation
Haspelmath, Martin and Dryer, Matthew and Gil, David and Comrie, Bernard 2005
{T}he world atlas of language structures
2005
1112
cldf
,
evobib
,
guldemann
,
langsci
,
ozbib
citation
Golla, Victor and Goddard, Ives and Campbell, Lyle and Mithun, Marianne and Mixco, Mauricio 2008
North America
2008
35
cldf
citation
na 1999
Toward Kawaiisu Poetics
1999
cldf
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