• open Estonian Sign Language
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Subclassification references

• Liivi Hollman 2016
• Geer, Leah 2011
• Danielius, Mantrimas 2004
• Kagirov, Ildar and Ryumin, Dmitry and Ivanko, Denis and Axyonov, Alexander and Karpov, Alexey 2019
• Mahmoud Ahmad Abdel-Fattah 2016
• J. Albert Bickford 2005
• Justin Power 2020
• Pfau, Roland and Tamar Makharoblidze and Hedde Zeijlstra 2022
• Shaina Mahoney 2018

Comments on subclassification

Russian sign language [russ1255] (including Tajik Sign Language, see Justin Power 2020 ) is believed to be related to LSF through recruitment of teachers in the 19th century, but unconfirmed by lexical analysis ( Kagirov, Ildar and Ryumin, Dmitry and Ivanko, Denis and Axyonov, Alexander and Karpov, Alexey 2019 ):71. Russian Sign Language [russ1255], Ukrainian Sign Language [ukra1235], and Moldova Sign Language [mold1243] are closely related according to lexicostatistical analysis ( J. Albert Bickford 2005 ):40-41. Lithuanian Sign Language [lith1236] ( Danielius, Mantrimas 2004 ):10, 11, 24, 32, Mongolian Sign Language [mong1264] ( Geer, Leah 2011 ):594 and Georgian Sign Language [geor1254] ( Pfau, Roland and Tamar Makharoblidze and Hedde Zeijlstra 2022: 1 , Mahmoud Ahmad Abdel-Fattah 2016: 828 ) also derive from the soviet-era Russian Sign Language. Regarding Estonian Sign Language [esto1238], despite the low lexicostatistical percentages to other Eastern European sign languages and ASL in J. Albert Bickford (2005): 40-41 , the specific study relayed in Liivi Hollman (2016): 42-43 gives 61% on a 200-word Swadesh list, which suggest that Russian Sign Language is nevertheless the closest relative of Estonian Sign language. Shaina Mahoney (2018) is a detailed comparison of Latvian and Estonian Sign but inconclusive regarding a special relationship between the two (since no other languages are included).