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Spoken L1 Language:
Bongo
Classification
open Bongo
expand all
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▼
Central Sudanic (63)
►
Lenduic (3)
►
Bale (2)
►
Lendu
►
Central Lendu
Pidha
Rrkphadha
►
Southern Lendu
Djadha
Tadha
►
Ndrulo
Ddralo
Njawlo
►
Ngiti
Central Ngiti
Northern Ngiti
Southern Ngiti
►
Mangbetu-Asua (3)
Lombi
►
Mangbetuic (2)
Asoa
►
Mangbetu
Makere
Malele
Meje
Nuclear Mangbetu
Popoi
►
Membi-Mangbutu-Efe (8)
►
Mangbutu-Efe (6)
►
Leseic (4)
Bendi
Efe
►
Lese
Arumbi
Fare
Lese Karo
Ndese
Vukutu
Mvuba
►
Mamvu
Amengi
Nuclear Mamvu
►
Mangbutu
Andinai
Angwe
Makutana
►
Ndo
Avari
Membi
Oke'bu
►
Unclassified Membi-Mangbutu-Efe (1)
►
Birri
Mboto
Munga
►
Moru-Madi (10)
►
Central Moru-Madi (6)
Aringa
►
Avokaya
Ajugu
Avokaya Pur
Northern Ogambi
Ojila
►
Kalikoic (2)
►
Keliko
Didi
Dogo
Eastern Keliko
Western Keliko
Omi
►
Logo
Bari (Logo)
Bhagira
Doka (Congo)
Lolya
Obilebha
Ogambi
►
Lugbara
Abedju-Azaki
Aluru
Arua
Lu (Uganda)
Maracha
Nio
Otsho
Terego
Zaki
►
Moru
Agi (Moru)
Andri
'Bali'ba
Kadiro
Lakama'di
Miza
Moruwa'di
►
Southern Moru-Madi (3)
►
Ma'di
Adjumani
Burulo
Lokai
Moyo
Pandikeri
Olu'bo
►
Southern Ma'di
Ogoko
Okollo
Rigbo
▼
Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi (39)
►
Baka-Beli (7)
Baka (South Sudan)
►
Morokodo-Beli (6)
►
Beli (South Sudan)
Bahri Girinti
Sopi (South Sudan)
Wulu
►
Gberi-Morokodo-Mittu (3)
Mittu
Mo'da
►
Morokodo
Biti
Ma'du
Nuclear Morokodo
►
Lori (2)
►
Jur Modo
Modo
Wetu
Wira
►
Nyamusa-Molo
Molo (Nyamusa-Molo)
Nyamusa
▼
Bongo
Bungo
Busere Bongo
Tonj Bongo
►
SBB Occidental (30)
►
Nuclear SBB Occidental (29)
►
Fer-Gula (2)
►
Gula (Central African Republic)
►
Kotoic Gula
Bubu Gula
Koto Gula
Koyo Gula
Ngulu Gula
Zura
►
Mereic Gula
Gélé (Dar Fongoro)
Malu (Central African Republic)
Mèlè (Central African Republic)
Méré
Moto-Mar
Sar Gula
►
Kara (Central African Republic)
Bubu
Nguru (Kara)
►
Nduga-Luto (2)
►
Lutos
Konga
Nduka
Nuclear Lutos
Wada (Central Sudanic)
►
Vale
Nuclear Vale
Tana
►
Saraic (25)
►
Bagirmic (7)
►
Bagirmi
Bangri
Dam
Gol
Kibar
►
Kenga
Banala
Banama
Bidjir
Bolong
Cenge
►
Morom-Jaya-Naba (5)
►
Bayo-Morom (2)
Gula (Chad)
►
Morom
Bayo
Morbo
Nuclear Morom
Jaya
►
Naba-Berakou (2)
►
Berakou
Bolo Djarma
Manawadji
Mondogossou
Yiryo
►
Naba
Bilala
Kuka
Medogo
►
Sara Central (12)
►
Sara Central Chari (3)
►
Gulay
Nuclear Gulay
Pen
Horo
►
Sar
Majingai
Nar (Chad)
No
►
Sara Central Logone (3)
►
Gore (2)
►
Kaba
Kaba of Tchad-CAR
Laka of Lau (Nigeria)
►
Laka (Chad)
Bémour
Goula
Maïngao
Mang (Chad)
Paï (Laka)
►
Ngambay
Bemar
Benoye
Kere
Lara
Murum
►
Sara Central Logone-Chari (6)
►
Bediondo (3)
►
Gor
Bodo (Gor)
Yamod
Mango
►
Nangnda
Bébote
Nuclear Bedjond
Yom (Bedjond)
►
Sido (3)
Dagba
►
Mbay
Bbate
Bédégué
Bédjou
Kan (Mbay)
Mougo
Ngoka
►
Ngam
Kle
Kon Ngam
Ngam Gir Bor
Ngam Tel
Ngam Tira
►
Sara Peripherique (6)
►
Barh Keita (4)
Furu
►
Sara-Kaba (3)
Sara Kaba
►
Sara Kaba Deme
Kuruwer
Mara (Central Sudanic)
Siime
►
Sara Kaba Náà
Banga
Dunje
Na (Sara)
Tie
►
Koulfaic (2)
Dissa-Canton Mufa
►
Kulfa
Kurmi
So (Chad)
►
Yulu-Binga
Binga
Yulu
Sinyar
Comments on subclassification
Boyeldieu, Pascal 2009
Endangerment
AES status:
threatened
Source:
Campbell, Lyle and Lee, Nala Huiying and Okura, Eve and Simpson, Sean and Ueki, Kaori 2022
Comment:
Bongo (3953-bot) = Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
(see
Lewis 2009
)
Glottocode:
bong1285
ISO 639-3:
bot
+
−
OpenStreetMap.Mapnik
OpenTopoMap
Stamen.Watercolor
Stamen.Terrain
Stamen.TerrainBackground
USGS.USTopo
USGS.USImagery
USGS.USImageryTopo
Leaflet
|
©
OpenStreetMap
contributors
show big map
Links
[bot] at ISO 639-3
[bot] at OLAC
[bot] at IMTVault
Bongo at Endangered Languages Project
Bongo at Grambank
Bongo at WALS
Wikipedia
PHOIBLE
Wikidata
Alternative names
elcat:
Bongo
Bungu
Dor
lexvo:
Bongo [en]
moseley & asher (1994):
Bongo
multitree:
Bongo
Bungu
Dor
ruhlen (1987):
Bongo
wals:
Bongo
wals other:
Bungu
Countries
Sudan [SD]
South Sudan [SS]
References
⇫
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unknown
bibliographical
ethnographic
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socling
minimal
comparative
wordlist
new_testament
text
phonology
specific_feature
dictionary
grammar_sketch
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--any--
anla
asjp2010
bahasa
benjamins
bibliolux
bowern
cldf
degruyter
eballiso2009
elpub
evobib
fabreall2009ann
gilbertese
gj
glossa
goba
guldemann
haspelmath
hedvig-tirailleur
hh
iso6393
jocp
langsci
lapolla-tibeto-burman
ldh
lewinmanx
ludger-paschen-germanic
marctang
mpieva
ofdn
otomanguean
ozbib
phoible
sala
schikowski_chintang
seifart
sil16
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sn
stampe
weball
zorcpapers
zurich
citation
Daniel Rabbi Moi and Mario Lau Babur Kuduku and Sister Mary Mangira Michael and Simon Hagimir John and Rapheal Zakenia Paul Mafoi and Nyoul Gulluma Kuduku 2014
Bongo Grammar Book
2014
224
grammar_sketch
cldf
,
hh
,
langsci
citation
Santandrea, Stefano 1963
A Concise Grammar outline of the Bongo Language (Sudan, Bahr el Ghazal province)
1963
151
grammar_sketch
cldf
,
guldemann
,
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Boyeldieu, Pascal 2004
Morphologie du verbe bongo
2004
12
grammar_sketch
cldf
citation
Nougayrol, Pierre 2006
Tones and Verb Classes in Bongo
2006
11
specific_feature
eballiso2009
,
hh
,
weball
citation
Nougayrol, Pierre 2004
Morphologie du verbe Bongo
2004
11
specific_feature
cldf
,
hh
citation
Kilpatrick, Eileen 1979
Preliminary phonology of the Bongo language
1979
115
phonology
cldf
,
eballiso2009
,
hh
,
sil16
,
weball
citation
Daniel Rabbi Moi and Mario Lau Babur Kuduku and Sister Mary Mangira Michael and Simon Hagimir John and Rapheal Zakenia Paul Mafoi and Nyoul Gulluma Kuduku 2014
Bongo Consonant and Vowel Book
2014
70
phonology
hh
citation
Kilpatrick, Eileen 1985
Bongo phonology
1985
62
phonology
cldf
,
eballiso2009
,
hh
,
sil16
,
weball
,
zurich
citation
na nd
World Oral Literature Project
text
cldf
citation
Gleichen, Albert Edward Wilfred [Count] 1905
The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: a compendium prepared by officers of the Sudan government
1905
665
ethnographic
,
overview
,
wordlist
eballiso2009
,
hh
citation
von Heuglin, Theodor 1869
Reise in das Gebiet des weissen Nil und seiner westlichen Zuflüsse in den Jahren 1862-1864
1869
426
ethnographic
,
wordlist
eballiso2009
,
hh
citation
Petherick, John 1861
Egypt, the Soudan and Central Africa
1861
494
ethnographic
,
wordlist
hh
citation
Daniel Rabbi Moi and Mario Lau Babur Kuduku and Sister Mary Mangira Michael and Simon Hagimir John and Rapheal Zakenia Paul Mafoi and Nyoul Gulluma Kuduku and Timothy Stirtz 2014
Bongo-English Dictionary
2014
47
wordlist
hh
citation
Marno, Ernst 1878
Reise in der Egytischen Aequatorial-Provinz und in Kordofan in den Jahren 1874-1876
1878
294
ethnographic
,
overview
,
wordlist
hh
citation
Schweinfurth, G[eorg] 1873
Linguistische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Centralafrika
1873
82
overview
,
wordlist
eballiso2009
,
hh
citation
Santandrea, Stefano 1963
A small comparative vocabulary of Bongo Baka Yulu Kara
1963
41
overview
,
comparative
,
wordlist
cldf
,
eballiso2009
,
hh
,
weball
citation
Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice 1907
Document sur les Langues de l'Oubangui-Chari
1907
159
overview
,
wordlist
hh
citation
Evans-Pritchard, Edward E. 1937
The Non-Dinka Peoples of the Amadi and Rumbek Districts
1937
4
overview
,
wordlist
eballiso2009
,
hh
citation
Latham, Robert Gordon 1862
Elements of comparative philology
1862
820
overview
,
comparative
,
wordlist
eballiso2009
,
evobib
,
hh
,
ozbib
citation
ed., Christopher Moseley 2010
Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
2010
comparative
cldf
citation
na 2009
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)
2009
comparative
cldf
citation
Tucker, Archibald N. and Bryan, Margaret A. 1966
Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa
1966
634
overview
,
minimal
cldf
,
eballiso2009
,
guldemann
,
hh
,
langsci
,
phoible
,
weball
citation
Crystal, Kathryn and Matthew Armand and Breanna Armand 2020
Sociolinguistic Survey of the Bongo of South Sudan
2020
38
socling
hh
citation
Seligmann, Charles Gabriel and Seligmann, Brenda Zara 1932
Pagan tribes of the Nilotic Sudan
1932
732
ethnographic
,
overview
eballiso2009
,
hh
citation
Tucker, Archibald N. 1940
Distribution of the Eastern Sudanic tribes
1940
55
overview
hh
citation
Tucker, Archibald N. 1931
The Tribal Confusion Around Wau
1931
12
overview
guldemann
,
hh
citation
Persson, Janet 2004
Bongo-Bagirmi languages in Sudan
2004
8
overview
eballiso2009
,
hh
,
langsci
,
sil16
,
weball
citation
Santandrea, Stefano 1948
Little Known Tribes of the Bahr El Ghazal
1948
29
overview
eballiso2009
,
hh
citation
Kronenberg, Waltraud and Kronenberg, Andreas 1981
Die Bongo: Bauern und Jäger im Südsudan
1981
315
ethnographic
hh
citation
Evans-Pritchard, Edward E. 1929
The Bongo
1929
61
ethnographic
cldf
,
hh
citation
Santandrea, Stefano 1958
Notes on the Bongo
1958
18
ethnographic
cldf
,
hh
citation
Arensen, Jonathan E. 1983
Sticks and straw: Comparative house forms in southern Sudan and northern Kenya
1983
145
ethnographic
sil16
citation
Schweinfurth, Georg August 1872-1873
Völkerskizzen aus dem Gebiete des Bachr el Ghasal
1872
23
ethnographic
hh
citation
Santandrea, Stefano 1962
Tribes of the Bongo group in the Sudan
1962
6
ethnographic
cldf
,
hh
citation
Schweinfurth, G. 1874
The Heart of Africa. Two Volumes
1874
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Santandrea, Stefano 1963
A concise grammar outline of the Bongo language
1963
157
eballiso2009
,
weball
citation
Haspelmath, Martin and Dryer, Matthew and Gil, David and Comrie, Bernard 2005
{T}he world atlas of language structures
2005
1112
cldf
,
evobib
,
guldemann
,
langsci
,
ozbib
citation
Seligmann, Charles Gabriel 1917
A Bongo funerary figure
1917
2
eballiso2009
citation
na nd
sil16
citation
Nougayrol, Pierre 2008
Bongo
2008
eballiso2009
,
weball
citation
Kronenberg, Waltraud and Kronenberg, Andreas 1981
Die Bongo
1981
eballiso2009
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