Spoken L1 Language: Kimbundu

Classification
Comments on subclassification

Jan Vansina 2004: 273-283 Bryan, Margaret Arminel 1959

Endangerment
AES status:
not endangered
Source:
David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2025
Comment:
Kimbundu (kmb-kmb) = 3 (Wider communication). Established 15th century. Spread in northwestern Angola under Portuguese colonialism (16th century) and Methodist missionary influence (1880’s).
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References ⇫

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