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Spoken L1 Language:
Estonian
Classification
open Estonian
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▼
Uralic (49)
▼
Finnic (12)
▼
Coastal Finnic (11)
►
Liv
Courland Livonian
Salaca Livonian
▼
Neva (10)
▼
Central Finnic (2)
▼
Estonian
►
Middle Estonian
Ida Estonian
Kesk Estonian
Lääne
Saarte
North Estonian
►
Votic
East Vod
Krevin
►
West Vod
Kattila
Lower Luga Votic
Northeastern Coastal Estonian
►
North Finnic (8)
►
Ladogan (5)
►
East Ladoga (3)
Livvi
►
Ludian
Central Ludic
Northern Ludic
Southern Ludic
►
Veps
Central Veps
Prionezh
Southern Veps
►
Ingrian
Hevaha
Kukkuzi
►
Lower Luga
Lower Luga Ingrian
Siberian Ingrian Finnish
Oredezhi
Soikkola
►
Karelian
Northern Karelian
Novgorod
►
Southern Karelian
Tver
Valdai
►
Nuclear Finnish (3)
►
Finnish
Central and North Pohjanmaa
Häme
Peräpohja
Savo
Southeastern Finnish
South Pohjanmaa
Southwestern Finnish
Kven Finnish
►
Meänkieli
Gällivare Finnish
Torne Valley Finnish
Vittangi Finnish
►
South Estonian
Leivu
►
Võro-Mulgi-Tartu
Mulgi
►
Ugandi
Tartu South Estonian
►
Võro-Seto
Kraasna
Lutsi
►
Seto
Eastern Seto
Northern Seto
Southern Seto
Võro
►
Hungaric (2)
►
Hungarian
Alföld
Csángó
Danube-Tisza
King's Pass Hungarian
Northeast Hungarian
Northwest Hungarian
Oberwart
Székely
West Danube
West Hungarian
Old Hungarian
►
Khantyic (5)
►
East Khanty (2)
►
Surgut Khanty
Agan
Jugan
Likisovskoje
Pim
Salym Khanty
Tromagan
►
Vach-Vasjugan
Vach Khanty
Vasjugan Khanty
►
Northern Khanty (2)
►
Kazym-Berezover-Suryskarer Khanty
Berezover Khanty
Kazym Khanty
Middle Ob Khanty
Suryskarer Khanty
Obdorsk Khanty
►
Southern Khanty
Irtysh Khanty
►
Mansic (3)
►
North-Central Mansi (2)
►
Central Mansi
►
East Mansi
Jukonda
Lower Konda
Middle Konda
Upper Konda
►
West Mansi
Lower Lozva
Middle Lozva
North Vagil
Pelym
South Vagil
►
Northern Mansi
Ob Mansi
Sosva Mansi
Sygva Mansi
Upper Loz'va Mansi
Southern Mansi
►
Mari (2)
►
Eastern Mari
Grassland Mari
►
Western Mari
Kozymodemyan
Yaran
►
Mordvin (2)
Erzya
Moksha
►
Permian (4)
►
Komi (3)
►
Komi-Permyak
North Permyak
South Permyak
Zyuzdin
Komi-Yazva
►
Komi-Zyrian
►
Central Zyryan
Lower Vychegda
Middle Sysola
Middle Vychegda
Upper Vychegda
►
North Zyryan
Izhma
Pechora
Vym'
►
South Zyryan
Luza-Letka
Upper Sysola
West Zyryan
►
Udmurt
Besermyan
Central Udmurt
North Udmurt
►
South Udmurt
Peripheral South Udmurt
►
Saami (11)
►
Eastern Saami (6)
►
Mainland Eastern Saami (4)
Akkala Saami
Inari Saami
Kemi Saami
►
Skolt Saami
Notozer
Yokan
►
Peninsular Eastern Saami (2)
►
Kildin Saami
Arsjogg
Kårdegg
Kiillt
Lujaa'vvr
Ter Saami
►
Western Saami (5)
►
Central Western Saami (3)
►
Lule-Pite Saami (2)
Lule Saami
Pite Saami
►
North Saami
►
Finnmárku Saami
Eastern Finnmarku Saami
Western Finnmarku Saami
Sea Lappish
►
Torne Saami
Čohkkiras
Gárasavvon
►
Southwestern Saami (2)
South Saami
Ume Saami
►
Samoyedic (8)
►
Enets-Nenets (4)
►
Enets (2)
Forest Enets
Tundra Enets
►
Nenets (2)
►
Forest Nenets
Agan Nenets
Lyamin Nenets
Nadym Nenets
Pur Nenets
►
Tundra Nenets
Central Tundra Nenets
Eastern Tundra Nenets
Western Tundra Nenets
Yurats
►
Kamas-Selkup (2)
►
Kamas-Koibal
Kamas (Uralic)
Samoyed Koibal
►
Selkup
►
Kety-Central-Southern Selkup
►
Kety-Central Selkup
►
Central Selkup
Narym
Tym
Vasyugan Selkup
Srednyaya Ob-Ket
Southern Selkup
Taz-Turukhan
►
Mator-Taigi-Karagas
Karagas (Mator)
Nuclear Mator
Taigi
►
Nganasan
►
Avam
Pyasina Avam
Taimyr Avam
Vadeyev
Comments on subclassification
Petri Kallio 2014
Endangerment
AES status:
not endangered
Source:
David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2024
Comment:
Estonian, Standard (ekk-ekk) = 1 (National). Statutory national language (1992, Constitution, Article 52(1)).
Glottocode:
esto1258
ISO 639-3:
ekk
+
−
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contributors
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Links
[ekk] at ISO 639-3
[ekk] at OLAC
[ekk] at IMTVault
Estonian at Grambank
Estonian at WALS
PHOIBLE
Wikidata
Alternative names
lexvo:
Estonian [en]
estonien [fr]
moseley & asher (1994):
Estonian
ruhlen (1987):
Estonian
wals:
Estonian
Countries
Estonia [EE]
Latvia [LV]
Russian Federation [RU]
References
⇫
Showing 1 to 60 of 60 entries
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Name
Title
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Year
Pages
Doctype
ca
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da
--any--
unknown
bibliographical
ethnographic
overview
dialectology
socling
minimal
comparative
wordlist
new_testament
text
phonology
specific_feature
dictionary
grammar_sketch
grammar
--any--
anla
asjp2010
bahasa
benjamins
bibliolux
bowern
cldf
degruyter
eballiso2009
elpub
evobib
fabreall2009ann
gilbertese
gj
glossa
goba
guldemann
haspelmath
hedvig-tirailleur
hh
iso6393
jocp
langsci
lapolla-tibeto-burman
ldh
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ozbib
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stampe
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zorcpapers
zurich
citation
Wiedemann, Ferdinand Johann 2005 [1875]
Grammatik der estnischen Sprache
1875
678
grammar
hh
citation
Wiedemann, Ferdinand Johann 1875
Grammatik der ehstnischen Sprache, zunächst wie sie in Mittelehstland gesprochen wird, mit Berücksichtigung der anderen Dialekte
1875
678
grammar
hh
citation
Oinas, Felix J. 1997
Basic course in Estonian
1997
408
grammar
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Tauli, Valter 1983
Standard Estonian grammar, Part II: Syntax
1983
358
grammar
hh
citation
Oinas, Felix J. 1966
Basic course in Estonian
1966
351
grammar
cldf
,
hh
citation
Hasselblatt, Cornelius 1995
Lehrbuch des Estnischen
1995
204
grammar
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Harms, Robert T. 1962
Estonian grammar
1962
186
grammar
hh
citation
Tiina K. Ets 1992
Estonian Language Competencies for Peace Corps Volounteers in the Republic of Estonia
1992
176
grammar
hh
citation
Kask, A. X. 1966
Èstonskij jazyk
1966
26
grammar
cldf
citation
Kerge, Krista 1996
The Estonian agent nouns: grammar versus lexicon
1996
9
grammar
cldf
,
zurich
citation
Tauli, Valter 1983
Standard Estonian Grammar. Volume 2: Syntax
1983
grammar
cldf
citation
Tauli, Valter 1973
Standard Estonian Grammar. Volume 1: Phonology, Morphology, Wordformation
1973
grammar
cldf
,
glossa
citation
de Sivers, Fanny 1969
Analyse grammaticale de l'estonien parlé
1969
grammar
cldf
,
glossa
citation
Henricus Gösekenius 1660
Anführung zur Öhstnischen Sprache
1660
496
dictionary
,
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Erelt, Mati 2007
Estonian language
2007
411
bibliographical
,
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Stahl, Henricus 1637
Anführung zu der Esthnischen Sprach
1637
158
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Gutslaff, Johannes 1648
Observationes grammaticæ circa linguam Esthonicam
1648
144
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Hupel, August Wilhelm 1780
Ehstnische Sprachlehre für beide Hauptdialekte den revalschen und den dörptschen; nebst einem vollständigen Wörterbuch
1780
524
dictionary
,
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Johann Hornung 1693
Grammatica Esthonica
1693
116
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Hupel, August Wilhelm 1818
Ehstnische Sprachlehre für beide Hauptdialekte den revalschen und den dörptschen; nebst einem vollständigen Wörterbuch
1818
198
dictionary
,
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Reili Argus and Helle Metslang 2023
North and Standard Estonian
2023
39
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Helle Metslang 2022
North and Standard Estonian
2022
17
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
na 2000
How to plan morphology: the case of 20th century Estonian
2000
grammar_sketch
cldf
citation
Heinrich Göseken 1977 [1660]
Anführung Zur Öhstnischen Sprache
1660
dictionary
,
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Stahl, Heinrich 1976 [1637]
Anführung zu der Esthnischen Sprach
1637
grammar_sketch
hh
citation
Saagpakk, Paul F. 1982
Eesti- inglise sonaraamat Estonian- English dictionary
1982
1291
dictionary
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Tamm, Johan A. 1955
Eesti-vene sonaraamat = Estonsko-russkij slovar'
1955
820
dictionary
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Erelt, Mati and Erelt, Tiiu 1992
Virolais-suomalainen kielitieteen sanasto
1992
122
dictionary
hh
,
mpieva
citation
na 2001
On the development of the Estonian aspect: The verbal particle ära
2001
specific_feature
cldf
citation
na 2000
The Estonian noun under Indo-European pressure
2000
specific_feature
cldf
citation
Paul Ariste 1981
Keelekontaktid: eesti keele kontakte teiste keeltega
1981
comparative
,
specific_feature
hh
citation
Latham, Robert Gordon 1862
Elements of comparative philology
1862
820
overview
,
comparative
,
wordlist
eballiso2009
,
evobib
,
hh
,
ozbib
citation
Laanest, Arvo 1982
Einführung in die ostseefinnischen Sprachen
1982
comparative
cldf
citation
ISO 639-3 Registration Authority 2008
Change Request Number 2008-043: adopted update [est], adopted create [ekk], adopted create [vro] (2009-01-16)
2008
overview
iso6393
citation
Malherbe, Michael and Rosenberg, S. 1996
Les langages de l'humanité: une encyclopédie des 3000 langues parlées dans le monde
1996
overview
cldf
citation
Luts, A. 1959
Estonskoe morskoe rybolovstvo v XIX-XX vekah (Estonian Sea Fishing in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries)
1959
21
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Tijk, A. M. 1977
Zimnie narodnye igry estontsev (Winter Folk Games of the Estonians)
1977
13
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Kozlova, K. I. 1982
Neslavjanskie narody evropejskoj chasti SSSR (Non- Slavic Peoples of the European Part of the USSR)
1982
13
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Karlov, V. V. 1990
Vvedenie v etnografiju narodov SSSR (Introduction to the Ethnography of the Peoples of the USSR)
1990
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Sedov, V. V. (ed. ). 1987
Finno-ugry i balty v epohu srednevekov'ja (Finno-Ugric and Baltic Peoples in the Medieval Epoch)
1987
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Feoktistova, L. H. 1980
Zemledelie u estontsev: XVIII- nachalo XX v.
1980
ethnographic
cldf
citation
na 1971
Sel'skie poselenija Pribaltiki (XIII-XX vv. )
1971
ethnographic
cldf
citation
na 1964
Narody evropejskoj chasti SSSR (Peoples of the European Part of the USSR)
1964
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Viaari, E. 1953
Terminologijar odstvav pribaltijsko-f inskihjazykah (Kin Terms in the Baltic-Finnish Languages)
1953
ethnographic
cldf
citation
na 1916
Esty i latyshi, ih istorija i byt (The Estonians and Latvians. Their History and Everyday Life)
1916
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Vul'fson, E. S. 1908
Esty, ih zhizn' i nravy (Estonians, Their Life and Morals)
1908
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Wiedemann, F. J. 1876
Aus dem innem und ausem Leben der Ehsten
1876
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Eek, Arvo 1975
Observations on the durations of some word structures
1975
48
cldf
citation
Tamm, Anne 2009
The Estonian partitive evidential
2009
38
benjamins
,
cldf
citation
Viitso, Tiit-Rein 1998
Estonian
1998
34
cldf
,
langsci
,
zurich
citation
Ackermann, Farrell 2003
Aspectual constrasts and lexeme derivation in Estonian: A realization-based morphological perspective
2003
19
cldf
,
zurich
citation
Lehiste, I. 1972
'Being' and 'having' in Estonian
1972
18
cldf
citation
na 2000
Grammaticalisation des particules énonciatives en estonien
2000
cldf
citation
na 2000
Analytism and sythetism in the development of tense and aspect systems of literary Estonian
2000
cldf
citation
na 1998
Estonian
1998
cldf
citation
Valmet, A. and Uuspyld, E. and Turu, E. 1981
Uchebnik èstonskogo jazyka
1981
cldf
citation
Hint, Mati 1973
Eesti keele sõnafonoloogia 1
1973
cldf
citation
na 1970
Die Typen der verbalen Rektionsstruktur und die Sprachtypologie in Hinsicht auf das Estnische
1970
cldf
citation
Tamm, Anne 1966
Partitive morphosemantics across Estonian grammatical categories, and case variation with equi and raising
1966
cldf
citation
Metslang, Helena 1966
On the functions of differential subject marking in Estonian. The existential sentence
1966
cldf
Showing 1 to 60 of 60 entries
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