@phdthesis{11414,
  address               = {Ann Arbor},
  author                = {Zenk, Henry Benjamin},
  pages                 = {329},
  publisher             = {UMI},
  school                = {Eugene: University of Oregon},
  title                 = {Chinook Jargon and Native Cultural Persistence in the Grand Ronde Indian Community, 1856-1907: A Special Case of Creolization},
  year                  = {1984},
  abstract              = {A community of remarkable sociolinguistic complexity existed at Grand Ronde Reservation, Oregon, during the last half of the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth. In the year 1856, the United States government consolidated and segregated most of the remaining Native population of interior western Oregon in this one reservation community. While much reduced in size by then, this population still maintained a substantial measure of its original tribal and linguistic diversity. This study concerns one consequence of that diversity: The widespread adoption at Grand Ronde of the region's historical pidgin language, Chinook Jargon, as a language both of community and family. By the fact of such adoption, Chinook Jargon was a 'creole language' at Grand Ronde, if in a somewhat restricted or special sense-a language of primary use in community and family, yet hardly anyone's only such language. Chinook Jargon is moreover of considerable further interest for characterizing this unique reservation community: both as a reflection of the community's diverse origins; and as an important factor in the sense of identity and solidarity that many Natives of the reservation period came to feel as 'Grand Ronde Indians.' In method and general orientation, this study may be considered a 'reconstructive ethnography of speaking.' The primary objective is to document and clarify the special place that Chinook Jargon assumed in the life of this community during the indicated period. Since that period is not open to direct observation, the methods adopted are necessarily reconstructive. These have included recourse to the personal recollections and knowledge of recent Grand Ronde elders, as well as to documentary sources.},
  bestfn                = {north_america\zenk_chinook-jargon1984_o.pdf},
  besttxt               = {ptxt\north_america\zenk_18561984.txt},
  cfn                   = {north_america\zenk_chinook-jargon1984_o.pdf},
  class_loc             = {PM849.G7},
  degree                = {PhD},
  delivered             = {north_america\zenk_chinook-jargon1984_o.pdf},
  digital_formats       = {PDF 13.56Mb image-only PDF},
  document_type         = {B},
  fn                    = {north_america\zenk_chinook-jargon1984_o.pdf, north_america\zenk_18561984_o.pdf, north_america\zenk_18561984.pdf, north_america/zenk_chinook1984_o.pdf},
  hhtype                = {socling},
  inlg                  = {English [eng]},
  lgcode                = {Chinook [chh]},
  macro_area            = {North America},
  mpi_eva_library_shelf = {PM 849 .G7 ZEN 2007},
  mpifn                 = {chinook_zenk1984_o.pdf},
  source                = {DAI-A 45/12, p. 3629, Jun 1985},
  src                   = {hh, mpieva},
  subject               = {LANGUAGE, LINGUISTICS (0290)},
  subject_headings      = {Chinook jargon, Anthropological linguistics – Oregon – Grand Ronde Indian Reservation, Creole dialects, Chinook jargon – Anthropological linguistics – Oregon – Grand Ronde Indian Reservation – Creole dialects},
  umi_id                = {8502032}
}