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Family:
Upper Markham
Classification
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Austronesian (1274)
►
Atayalic (2)
►
Atayal
►
Northern Atayal
Matu'uwal
►
Nuclear Northern Atayal
Skikun
Squliq
►
Southern Atayal
►
Nuclear Southern Atayal
Klesan
Matu'aw
S'uli
Plnagawan
►
Seediq
Tekedaya
Teruku
Te'uda
►
Bunun
►
Central Bunun
Takbanuaz
Takivatan
Isbukun
►
North Bunun
Takibakha
Takituduh
►
East Formosan (6)
►
Central East Formosan (2)
►
Amis
Central Amis
Northern Amis
Southern Amis
Tavalong-Vataan
Sakizaya
►
Northern East Formosan (3)
►
Basay
Linaw-Qauqaut
Trobiawan
►
Kavalan
Kareovan
Ketangalan
►
Sirayaic
Lamai
Makatao
Pangsoia-Dolatok
Siraya
Taivoan
▼
Malayo-Polynesian (1253)
►
Aru (14)
►
Batuley-Mariri (2)
Batuley
Mariri
►
Central Aru (5)
►
Dobel-Koba (2)
►
Dobel
Northern Dobel
Southeast Dobel
Straits Dobel
►
Koba
Southeast Koba
►
Lola
Nuclear Lola
Warabal
Lorang
Manombai
East Tarangan
►
Karey-Barakai (2)
►
Barakai
Mesiang
Nuclear Barakai
Karey
►
Ujir-Kola-Kompane (3)
►
Kola-Kompane (2)
Kola
Kompane
Ujir
►
West Tarangan
North Central Tarangan
Southwestern Tarangan
►
Ati
Barotac Viejo Nagpana
Malay (Ati)
►
Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa (3)
►
Balinese
Highland Bali
Lowland Bali
Nusa Penida
►
Sasak-Sumbawa (2)
►
Sasak
Kuto-Kute
Meno-Mene
Mriak-Mriku
Ngeno-Ngene
Ngeto-Ngete
Sumbawa
►
Basap-Greater Barito (37)
►
Basap
Karangan-Sangkulirang-Bengalon
Lesan-Inaran
Mangkalihat
Tabalar-Talisayan
►
Greater Barito linkage (36)
►
Barito-Mahakam (2)
Ampanang
►
Tunjung
Nuclear Tunjung
Pahu
Tunjung Linggang
Tunjung Londong
Dusun Deyah
►
Dusun Malang
Bayan
Nuclear Dusun Malang
►
North East Greater Barito (2)
►
Lawangan
Ajuh
Bakoi
Bantian
Banuwang
Bawu
Benua
Kali
Karau
Lawa (Lawangan)
Lolang
Mantararen
Njumit
Pasir
Purai
Purung
Tuwang
Tawoyan
►
North West Greater Barito (3)
Kohin
►
Ot Danum
Dohoi
Kadorih
Ot Balawan
Ot Banu'u
Ot Murung 1
Ot Olang
Ot Tuhup
Sarawai
Sebaung
Ulu Ai'
►
Siang
Murung 2
Nuclear Siang
►
Sama-Bajaw (9)
Inabaknon
►
Sulu-Borneo (7)
►
Borneo Coast Bajaw (3)
►
Indonesian Bajau
Jampea
Jaya Bakti
Kajoa
Matalaang
Poso
Roti
Same'
Sulamu
Togian 1
Togian 2
Wallace
Mapun
►
West Coast Bajau
Banggi
Kawang
Kota Belud
Papar (West Coast Bajau)
Pitas Bajau
Putatan
Sandakan Bajau
►
Inner Sulu Sama (3)
►
Balangingi
Daongdung
Kabinga'an
Lutangan
Nuclear Balangingi
Sibuco-Vitali
Sibuguey
►
Central Sama
Dilaut-Badjao
►
Southern Sama
Bajau Banaran
Bajau Darat
Bajau Laut
Bajau Semporna
Balimbing
Bongao
Laminusa
Languyan
Obian
Sama (Malaysia-Philippines)
Sapa-Sapa
Sibutu'
Sikubung
Simunul
Sitangkai
Tandubas
Ubian
Pangutaran Sama
Yakan
►
Southeast Barito (16)
►
Dusun Witu
Dusun Pepas
Nuclear Dusun Witu
►
Maanyan-Paku (2)
►
Ma'anyan
Dusun Balangan
Samihim
Sihong
Paku
►
Malagasic (13)
►
North-Central Malagasic (6)
►
Central-Eastern Malagasic (2)
►
Plateau Malagasy
Antaimoro
Antambohoaka
Betsileo
Bezanozano
Merina
Sihanaka
Tañala
Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
►
Kibosy Kiantalaotsy-Majunga
Kiantalaotse
Majunga
►
Northern Malagasic (3)
►
Antankarana Malagasy
Kibushi-Kimaore
Mainland Antankarana
►
Tsimihety-Betsimisaraka (2)
Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
Tsimihety Malagasy
►
Southwestern Malagasic (7)
►
South West-Central Malagasic (6)
►
Nuclear South West-Central Malagasic (5)
►
Inland-Western Malagasic (4)
►
Bara-Tanosy (2)
Bara Malagasy
Tanosy Malagasy
►
Western Malagasic (2)
►
Masikoro Malagasy
Masikoro-Miary
Mikea
Vezo
West Malagasy Sakalava
►
Mahafaly-Antanalana Malagasy
Antanalana
Mahafaly
►
Tesaka Malagasy
Antaisaka
Zafisoro
Tandroy Malagasy
►
South West Greater Barito (2)
►
Bakumpai
Mengkatip
Nuclear Bakumpai
►
Ngaju
Ba'amang
Mantangai
Pulopetak
►
Batanic (3)
►
Ibatan
Babuyan
Basco Ivatan
Southern Ivatan
►
Yami-Itbayat (2)
Itbayat
Yami
►
Bilic (5)
Giangan
►
Tboli-Blaan (3)
►
Blaan (2)
Koronadal Blaan
Sarangani Blaan
►
Tboli
Central Tboli
Southern Tboli
Western Tboli
Tiruray
►
Bima-Lembata (42)
►
Bima
Donggo
Kolo (Indonesia)
Mbojo
Nuclear Bima
Toloweri
►
Flores-Lembata (14)
Kedang
►
Lamaholot Barat (7)
Alorese
►
Flores Lamaholot (3)
►
Lamaholot
►
Ile Mandiri
►
East Lamaholot
Baipito
►
Lewolema-Waibalun
Lewolema
Waibalun
►
West Lamaholot
►
Lewolaga-Bama
Bama Lamaholot
Lewolaga
Tanjung Bunga
Ritaebang
Lewotobi
Pukaunu
►
North Lembata-Adonara (2)
►
Adonara
Botun
►
East Adonara
Dulhi
Kiwangona
►
East Solor
Lamakera
Watan
►
West Adonara
Horowura
Waiwadan
►
Ile Ape
North Ile Ape
South Ile Ape
►
Peripheral Lembata
►
Kawela
Belang
Wuakerong
►
Lebatukan
Lamahora
Merdeka
►
South Coast Lembata
Lamalera
Mulan
►
Lamaholot Tengah (3)
►
Southeast Lembata (2)
►
Central Lembata-Lewokukun
►
Central Lembata
Kalikasa
Lewuka
Lewokukun
Eastern Atadei
►
West Lembata
►
Labalekan
Imulolo
Lewopenutu
Lewotala
Mingar
►
Lamaholot Timur (2)
Lamatuka
Lewo Eleng
►
Sika
Sara Krowe
Sikka Natar
Tana Ai
►
Flores-Sumba-Hawu (26)
►
Flores Barat (15)
►
Central Flores-Paluqe (8)
►
Central Flores (7)
►
Eastern Central Flores (4)
►
Ende-Lio (2)
►
Ende
Maukauro
Nangapanda
►
Li'o
Eastern Li'o
Western Li'o
►
Nage-Keo (2)
Kéo
►
Nage
Central Nage
Eastern Nage
Nga'o
►
Ngada (3)
►
Namut-Nginamanu
Namut
Nginamanu
►
Ngad'a
Bajawa
Central Ngada
Eastern Ngad'a
South Ngada
Rongga
Palu'e
►
Manggaraiic (7)
Kepo'
Komodo
►
Manggarai Khusus (2)
►
Manggarai
Central Manggarai
Eastern Manggarai
West-Central Manggarai
Western Manggarai
►
Riung
Lengkosambi Dialect
Nggolombay Dialect
Nggolonio
►
Rembong-Wangka
Rembong
Wangka
►
Waerana-Razong (2)
Kolor
Rajong
►
Sumba-Hawu (11)
►
Hawu-Dhao (2)
Dhao
►
Hawu
Liae
Mesara
Raijua
Seba (Indonesia)
Timu
►
Sumba (9)
►
Central-East Sumbanese (5)
►
Central Sumbanese (3)
Anakalang
►
Baliledu-Buawa
Baliledu
Pondok
►
Wanukaka
Nuclear Wanukaka
Rua
►
Kambera
Kanatang
Lewa
Mangili-Waijelo
Melolo
Nuclear Kambera
Southern Sumba
Umbu Ratu Nggai
Mamboru
►
Kodi-Gaura (2)
Garo (Sumba)
►
Kodi
Kodi Bangedo
Kodi Bokol
►
Wewewa-Laboya (2)
Lamboya
►
Wewewa
Lauli
►
Laura
Mbukambero
Nuclear Laura
Tana Righu
Ve Luri
Wai Bangga
Weyewa
Sangar
►
Celebic (60)
►
Greater Eastern Celebic (43)
►
Eastern Celebic (35)
►
Saluan-Banggai (8)
►
Eastern Saluan-Banggai (2)
Balantak
►
Banggai
East Banggai
West Banggai
►
Taliaboic (2)
Kadai
►
Taliabu
Mananga
Mangei
Padang (Taliabu)
►
Western Saluan-Banggai (4)
Andio
►
Saluanic (3)
►
Batui-Saluan (2)
Batui
Saluan
Bobongko
►
Southeastern Celebic (27)
►
Bungku-Tolaki (15)
►
Eastern Bungku-Tolaki (8)
►
East Coast Bungku-Tolaki (7)
Bahonsuai
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Bungku
Landawe
Nuclear Bungku
Routa
Torete
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Waia (Bungku)
Koroni
Kulisusu
►
Mori Bawah
Karonsie
Nahina
Petasia
Soroako
Tambe'e
Taloki
►
Wawonii
Menui
Nuclear Wawonii
►
Moronene
Kabaena
►
Wita Ea
Poleang
Rumbia
►
Western Bungku-Tolaki (7)
►
Interior Bungku-Tolaki (3)
►
Mori Atas
Aikoa
Padoe
Tomadino
►
West Coast Bungku-Tolaki (4)
Kodeoha
Rahambuu
►
Tolaki
Asera
Konawe
Konio
Laiwui
Mekongga
Norio
Tamboki
Wiwirano
►
Waru
Lalomerui
Nuclear Waru
►
Muna-Buton (12)
►
Nuclear Muna-Buton (9)
►
Butonic (3)
►
Cia-Cia
Kaesabu
Masiri
Sampolawa
►
Wabula
Burangasi
Holimombo
Kondowa
Nuclear Wabula
Takimpo
Wali
►
East Buton (2)
Kumbewaha
Lasalimu
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Munan (6)
Busoa
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Munic (5)
►
Kaimbulawa
Kambe-Kambero
Lantoi
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Western Munic (4)
►
Kioko
Kambowa
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Liabuku
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Muna
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Gulamas
Burukene
Gu
Kadatua
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Katobengke
Lakudo
Laompo
Lawama
Lawela
Lowu-Lowu
Mawasangka
Salaa
Topa
Wale-Ale
Siompu
►
Standard Muna
Kabawo
Katobu
Lawa (Standard Muna)
Tobea Besar
Tungkuno
Tiworo
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Pancana
Kalende
Kapontori
Labuandiri
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Tukangbesi-Bonerate (3)
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Bonerate
Karompa
Nuclear Bonerate
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Tukang Besi (2)
►
Tukang Besi North
Kaledupa
Wanci
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Tukang Besi South
Binongko
Tomea
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Tominic (8)
►
Northern Tomini (3)
Dondo
►
Lauje
Ampibabo
Tomini
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Southern Tomini (5)
Balaesang
Dampelas
Pendau
Taje
Tajio
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Kaili-Wolio (17)
►
Northern Kaili-Wolio (12)
►
Greater Kaili (7)
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Common Kaili (4)
Baras
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Da'a Kaili
Da'a
Inde
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Ledo Kaili
Ado
Doi (Indonesia)
Edo
Ija
Ledo
Rai (Ledo Kaili)
Raio
Taa (Indonesia)
Tado (Ledo Kaili)
Tara
Unde Kaili
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Kulawi (2)
Moma
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Linduan
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Sedoa
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Pamona-Tombelala (2)
►
Pamona
Ampana-Togian
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Lake Poso
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Topada
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Topoiyo
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Uma-Sarudu (2)
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Sarudu
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Uma
Bana (Austronesian)
Benggaulu
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Tobaku
Tolee'
Winatu
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Southern Kaili-Wolio (5)
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Island Kaili-Wolio (4)
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Kalao
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Kamaru
Wolio
Wotu
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Central Luzon (10)
Hatang Kayi
Pampanga
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Abenlen Ayta
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Sambali Botolan
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Bolinao
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Manua
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Chamorro
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Rotanese Chamorro
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Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (565)
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Oceanic (523)
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Admiralty Islands (31)
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Eastern Admiralty Islands (27)
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Manus (22)
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Andra-Hus
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Lele (Papua New Guinea)
Sabon
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Nali
Okro
Titan
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Ere
Kele (Papua New Guinea)
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Loniu
Mokerang
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Pak-Tong
Pak
Tong
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West Manus (8)
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West Manus I (4)
Bipi
Hermit
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Babon
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Harengan
Sori
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Mondropolon
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Tulu (Papua New Guinea)
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South-East Admiralty (5)
Lenkau
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Lou
Rei
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Baluan
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Nauna
Penchal
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Anchorite (2)
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Kaniet-Dempwolff
Seimat
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Aua
Wuvulu
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Central Pacific linkage (46)
Rotuman
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Tokalau Fijian (43)
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Lauan
Lau Island
Vanua Balavu
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Gone Dau
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Lutu
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Lomaiviti
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Polynesian (39)
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Anuta
East Futuna
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East Uvean-Niuafo'ou (3)
East Uvean
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Ellicean (4)
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Pukapuka
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Tokelau
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Tuvalu
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Northern Outlier Polynesian-East Polynesian (21)
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Carolinean Outlier Polynesian (2)
Kapingamarangi
Nukuoro
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Solomons Northern Outlier Polynesian-East Polynesian (19)
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Central Northern Outlier Polynesian-East Polynesian (18)
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Central Northern Outlier Polynesian (4)
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Luangiua
Nuclear Luangiua
Pelau
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Takuuic (3)
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Takuu
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East Polynesian (14)
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East Polynesian Distal (4)
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Far East Polynesian (2)
Mangareva
Rapanui
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Marquesan (2)
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Hatutu
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Ua Pou
►
South Marquesan
Fatu Hiva
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Tahuta
►
East Polynesian Proximal (10)
Hawaiian
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Mangaia
Old Rapa
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Maori
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Eastern North Island Maori
Kai-Tahu South Island
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Te Arawa Tuuhoe
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Western North Island Maori
Ngaati Tuuwharetoa
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North Auckland Maori
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Te Aupouri
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Southern Cook Island Maori
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Austral
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Tahitian
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Emae
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Northwest Viti Levu
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Pingelapese
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Fayichuck
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►
North Ambrym
Magam
Olal
►
Orkon-West Ambrym (4)
Orkon-Fanbak
►
West Ambrym (3)
Dalkalaen
►
Southwest Ambrym (2)
Daakie
►
Dakaka
Sesivi
►
Southeast Ambrym
►
Ase-Taveak
Mele Maat
Penapo
Taveak
Toak
Endu
►
Epi-Efate (10)
►
Efate (4)
►
North Efatic (2)
Lelepa
►
North Efate
Buninga
Emau
Livara
Nguna
Paunangis
Sesake
►
South Efatic (2)
►
Eton (Vanuatu)
Eton
Pang Pang
Nafsan
►
Epi (6)
►
Baki-Bierebo (2)
Baki
Bierebo
►
Bieria-Maii (2)
►
Bieria
Nuclear Bieria
Vovo
Maii
►
Lamenu-Lewo (2)
Lamenu
►
Lewo
Mate-Nul-Filakara
Tasiko
►
Malakula (34)
►
Eastern Malakula linkage (12)
►
Central-Southeast Malakula (11)
►
Aulua
Boinelang
Onesso
Burmbar
►
Southeastern Malakula linkage (7)
Bwenelang
Maskelynes
►
Nasvang-Nisvai (2)
Nasvang
Nisvai
►
Port Sandwich-Axamb-Avok (3)
Avok
Axamb
Port Sandwich
►
Unua-Pangkumu (2)
►
Rerep
Tisman
►
Unua
Bush Unua
►
Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin
Atchin
Uripiv
Wala-Rano
►
Northern Malakula (4)
►
Malua-Tepërav
Espiegle's Bay
Malua Bay
►
North Coast Malakula (3)
►
Botovro-Vovo-Vao (2)
Mpotovoro
Vao-Vovo
►
Nese
Alovas
Matanvat
Naha (Nese)
Najit
Njav
Vovo (Northern Malakula)
►
Western Malakula linkage (18)
►
Central-Western Malakula (4)
Larevat
Naman
►
Neve'ei
Winiv (Vinmavis)
Neverver
►
Peripheral Western Malakula (14)
►
Ninde-Nati (2)
Nati
Ninde
►
Northwestern Malakula (3)
Big Nambas
Maragus
►
Tirax
North Small Nambas
►
Southwestern Malakula (9)
►
Avava
Bangsa
Nivat
Niviar
Umbrul
Dixon Reef
►
Letemboi-Repanbitip
Letemboi
Repanbitip
Nasarian
Navwien
►
Southwest Coastal Malekula (2)
►
Na'ahai
Orierh
Nahavaq
►
Unclassified Southwestern Malakula (2)
►
Nititi-Vivti (2)
Nitita
Vivti
►
Namakura
Buninga (Namakura)
Makura
Mataso
Tongariki Island
Tongoa Island
►
Paama
North Paama
South Paama
►
South Pentecost (4)
►
Apma
Suru Kavian
Suru Rabwanga-Mwerani
►
Sa
Lolatavola
Ninebulo
Ponorwal
►
Seke-Sowa (2)
Seke (Vanuatu)
Sowa
►
Northern Vanuatu (49)
►
Ambae (2)
►
East Ambae
Lolokaro
Lombaha
Longana
►
West Ambae
Nduindui
Walaha
►
Espiritu Santo (29)
►
Nuclear Santo (13)
►
East Santo (5)
►
Mafea-Tutuba (2)
Mafea
Tutuba
►
Southeast Santo (3)
Farafi
►
Polonombauk
Ati (Espiritu Santo)
Narmoris
Tambotalo
►
Shark Bayic (2)
Nethalp
Ngen
►
South Santo (6)
Aore
►
Araki-Tangoa (2)
Araki
Movono
Mores
►
Tamambo
Ataripoe
Avunatari
►
Wanohe
Nkep
Sakao
►
West Santo (16)
►
Cape Cumberland (5)
Nokuku
Piamatsina
Tasmate
Valpei
Vunapu
►
Central Santo (3)
►
Merei
Winiv (Merei)
►
Navut
Bura (Espiritu Santo)
Sinia
Tiale
Kiai
Kula (Vanuatu)
►
South-Central Santo (3)
Amblong
Ande
Narango
►
Southwest Santo (2)
Akei
Ale
Tolomako
Hano
►
Maewo (3)
►
Baetora
Narovorovo
Nasawa
Talise (Vanuatu)
►
Central Maewo
Lotora
Peterara
Tanoriki
Sunwadia
►
Torres-Banks linkage (14)
Dorig
►
Hiw-Lo-Toga (2)
Hiw
Lo-Toga
►
Koto-Olrat-Lakon (2)
►
Koro-Olrat
Koro (Vanuatu)
Olrat
Lakon
Lehali
Lehalurup
►
Lemerig-Veraa (2)
Lemerig
►
Vera'a
Leon
Pak (Vatrata)
Sasar
►
Merlav
Matliwag
Mwerig
West Mwerelawa
Mota
►
Mwotlap
Motlav
Volow
Nume
►
Vurës
Mwesen
Nuclear Vures
Vetumboso
►
Southeast Solomonic (26)
►
Guadalcanal-Nggelic (7)
►
Nuclear Guadalcanal-Nggelic (5)
►
Nggelic (2)
►
Bughotu
Hageulu
Vulava
Gela
►
North and West Guadalcanal (3)
►
Ghari
Gae
Geri
Ndi (Solomon Islands)
Nginia
Nuclear Ghari
Tandai-Nggaria
►
Lengo
Aola
Ghaimuta
Nuclear Lengo
Paripao
Malango
►
Southeast Guadalcanal (2)
Birao
►
Talise
Koo
Malagheti
Moli
Nuclear Talise
Poleo
Tolo (Solomon Islands)
►
Longgu-Malaita-Makira (19)
Longgu
►
Malaita-Makira (18)
►
Makira (5)
►
Arosi
Nuclear Arosi
Wango
►
Bauro
Haununu
Nuclear Bauro
Rawo (Bauro)
►
Fagani
Agufi
Nuclear Fagani
Rihu'a
Kahua
►
Owa
Santa Ana (Solomon Islands)
Santa Catalina
Tawarafa
►
Malaita (12)
►
Central-Northern Malaita (9)
Gula'alaa
Kwaio
Kwara'ae
►
North Malaitan (5)
Baeggu
Baelelea
Fataleka
►
Lau
Dai (Lau)
Nuclear Lau
Suafa
To'abaita
Wala
►
Southern Malaita (3)
►
'Are'are
Marau Sound
Nuclear 'Are'are
Dori'o
Oroha
►
Sa'a
Uki Ni Masi
Ulawa
►
Southern Melanesian (42)
►
New Caledonian (33)
►
Loyalty Islands (3)
►
Dehu
Losi
Wete
Iaai
Nengone
►
Mainland New Caledonian (30)
►
Northern New Caledonian (19)
►
Extreme Northern New Caledonian (5)
►
Kum-Nel-Yua-Cac (3)
►
Caac
La Conception
Pouébo
►
Kum-Nel-Yua (2)
►
Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak
Kumak
Nenema
►
Yuaga
Juanga
Thuanga
►
Nyalayu (2)
Balade
►
Belep
Belep Proper
Yalayu
►
Mid-Northern New Caledonian (14)
Jawe
►
Nmi-Pij-Fwa-Pam-Pap (5)
►
Nmi-Fij-Fwa (3)
►
Hyenghene (2)
Fwâi
Nemi
Pije
Pwaamei
Pwapwa
►
Voh-Kone-Cem-Pac (8)
►
Cem-Pac (2)
Cemuhî
Paicî
►
Voh-Kone (6)
►
Bwatooic (3)
►
Haeke-Bwatoo (2)
Bwatoo
Haeke
Haveke
Hmwaveke
►
Vamale
Hmwaeke
Nuclear Vamale
Waamwang
►
Southern New Caledonian (11)
►
Extreme Southern New Caledonian (2)
►
Dumbea
Nrumee
Paita-Unya
Wenyii
►
Numee
Kwenyii
Nuclear Numee
Ouen
►
Mid-Southern New Caledonian (9)
►
Houailou (3)
Ajië
Arhâ
Arhö
Neku
Orowe
►
Tiri-Mea
Mea
Tiri
Xârâcùù
Xaragure
Zire
►
Southern Vanuatu (9)
Aneityum
►
Erromanga (3)
Ifo
►
Sie
Nuclear Sie
Potnariven
Yoku
Ura (Vanuatu)
►
Tanna (5)
►
Northern Tanna linkage (3)
►
Lenakel
Ikyoo
Itonga
Loanatit
Nerauya
►
Whitesands-North Tanna linkage (2)
►
North Tanna
East Tanna
Imafin
West Tanna
►
Whitesands
Lometimeti
Weasisi
►
Southern Tanna (2)
Kwamera
►
Southwest Tanna
Nowai
Nvhal
►
St. Matthias (2)
►
Mussau-Emira
Emira
►
Mussau
Eastern Mussau
Southern Mussau
Western Mussau
Tenis
►
Temotu (10)
►
Reefs-Santa Cruz (4)
Äiwoo
Nanggu
►
Natugu-Nalogo (2)
►
Nalögo
Mbanyö
Nea
Noepe
Nooli
►
Natügu
Io
Malo
Matu
Mbanua
Nemba
Neo
Nepa
Noka
Nööle
Venga
►
Utupua-Vanikoro (6)
Lovono
Tanema
Teanu
►
Utupua (3)
Amba (Solomon Islands)
Asumboa
Tanimbili
▼
Western Oceanic linkage (237)
►
Meso Melanesian linkage (69)
►
Bali-Vitu (2)
Muduapa
Uneapa
►
New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic linkage (63)
►
Madak linkage (3)
►
Barok
Nuclear Barok
Usen
►
Lavatbura-Lamusong
Kontu
Lamusong
Lavatbura
Ugana
►
Madak
Danu (Papua New Guinea)
Katingan (Papua New Guinea)
Lelet
Malom
Mesi
►
St George linkage (50)
►
Kandas-Duke of York (2)
Kandas
►
Ramoaaina
Aalawa
Makada
Molot
►
Konomala
Laket
Nuclear Konomala
►
Label-Bilur (2)
Bilur
Label
►
Northwest Solomonic (38)
►
Banoni-Piva (2)
Bannoni
►
Lawunuia
Amun
►
Choiseul (5)
►
East Choiseul (3)
Ririo
►
Southeast Choiseul (2)
►
Babatana
Avasö
Katazi
Kuboro
Lömaumbi
Nuclear Babatana
Sengan
Sisiqa
►
West Choiseul (2)
Vaghua
►
Varisi
Ghone
Nuclear Varisi
►
Mono-Uruavan (3)
►
Mono-Alu
Alu
Fauro
Mono
Torau
Uruava
►
New Georgia (11)
►
East New Georgia (6)
►
Marovo-Vangunu (2)
Marovo
►
Vangunu
Bareke
Nuclear Vangunu
►
Rovianic (3)
►
Hoava-Kusaghe (2)
Hoava
►
Kusaghe-Njela
Kusaghe
Njela
Roviana
Ughele
Kazukuru
►
West New Georgia (4)
Duke
►
Simboic (3)
►
Ghanongga-Lungga (2)
►
Ghanongga
Ganoqa
Kubokota
Lungga
Simbo
►
North Bougainville Oceanic (10)
►
Nuclear North Bougainville Oceanic (9)
►
Buka (7)
►
Haliaic (2)
►
Hakö
Lontes
►
Halia
Hanahan
Hangan
Selau
Touloun
►
Petats
Hitau-Pororan
Matsungan
Sumoun
►
Saposa-Tinputz (4)
►
Saposa
Nuclear Saposa
Taiof
►
Tinputzic (3)
►
Hahon
Aravia
Kurur
Ratsua
►
Teop
Losiara
Melilup
Petspets
Taunita
Wainanana
►
Tinputz
Vado
Vado-Vaene'
Vaene'
Vapopeo'
Vapopeo'-Rausaura
Vasui
Vavoehpoa'
►
Nehan
Nuclear Nehan
Pinipel
Papapana
Solos
►
Santa Isabel (5)
►
Central Santa Isabel (3)
Kokota
►
Zazao-Blanga (2)
Blablanga
Zazao
►
East Santa Isabel (2)
►
Cheke Holo
Hograno
Maringe
Gao
►
West Santa Isabel (2)
Laghu
Zabana
►
Patpatar-Minigir-Tolai (4)
►
Minigir-Tolai (3)
Guramalum
►
Kuanua
Kabakada
Kininanggunan
Kokopo
Livuan
Masawa
Matupit
Nodup
Rakunei
Raluana
Rapitok
Rebar
Vanumami
Vunadidir
Watom
Minigir
►
Patpatar
Nuclear Patpatar
Pala
Sokirik
Siar-Lak
Sursurunga
►
Tangga
Fanamaket
►
Niwer Mil-Warwar Feni
Niwer Mil
Warwar Feni
►
Tabar linkage (3)
Lihir
►
Mandara
Big Tabar
Simberi
Tatau
Notsi
Tomoip
►
Tungak-Nalik (6)
►
Kara (Papua New Guinea)
East Kara
Lauan-Nonopai
Luburua
Ngavalus-Lossuk
West Kara
Lakuramau
Nalik
Tiang
►
Tigak
Central Tigak
Island Tigak
South Tigak
West Tigak
Tungag
►
Willaumez linkage (4)
►
Bola-Bulu (2)
►
Bola
Harua
Nuclear Bola
Bulu (Papua New Guinea)
►
Nakanai-Meramera (2)
►
Meramera
Lolobao
►
Nakanai
Bileki
Losa
Maututu
Ubae
Vere (Papua New Guinea)
▼
North New Guinea linkage (105)
▼
Huon Gulf (32)
▼
Markham (15)
►
Lower Markham (7)
►
Busu (5)
Aribwatsa
Aribwaung
Duwet
►
Musom-Sirak (2)
Musom
Nafi
Labu
Wampar
▼
Upper Markham (5)
Adzera
►
Mountain Upper Markham (4)
Mari (Madang Province)
Sarasira
Sukurum
Wampur
►
Watut (3)
Middle Watut
North Watut
►
South Watut
Dangal
Maralango
►
North Huon Gulf linkage (3)
Bugawac
Kela (Papua New Guinea)
Yabem
Numbami
►
South Huon Gulf linkage (13)
►
Buang linkage (10)
►
Kapin
Garawa (Papua New Guinea)
Nuclear Kapin
►
Mapos-Mangga-Wagau (2)
►
Mangga Buang
Kwasang
Lagis
►
Mapos Buang
Buweyeu
Chimbuluk
Mambump
Mapos
Papakene
Wagau
Wins
►
Mumeng (5)
►
Dambi-Kumaru (2)
Dambi
Kumalu
►
Gorakor
Yanta
►
Zenag-Patep (2)
►
Patep
Dengalu
►
Zenag
Latep
Piu
Vehes
Iwal
►
Misim-Yamap (2)
►
Hote
Misim
Nuclear Hote
Yamap
►
Ngero-Vitiaz linkage (44)
►
Ngero (6)
►
Eastern Ngero (3)
Bariai
►
Kaliai-Kove (2)
Kove
►
Lusi
Kaliai
►
Western Ngero (3)
Malalamai
►
Tuam (2)
Gitua
►
Mutu
Malai
Nuclear Mutu
►
Vitiaz linkage (38)
►
Bel-Roinji-Nenaya (10)
►
Bel (8)
►
Eastern Bel (3)
►
Awad Bing
Biliau
Galeg
Suit
Yamai
Yori
Mindiri
Wab
►
Western Bel (5)
Bilibil
Gedaged
►
Marik
Northern Marik
Southern Marik
Western Marik
Matukar
►
Takia
Megiar
Serang
►
Mato
Bonea
Nanaya
Ronji
►
Korap linkage (4)
►
Arop-Lokep
Arop
Lokep
Karnai
►
Malasanga
Nuclear Malasanga
Singorokai
Mur Pano
►
Maleu-Kilenge
Kilenge
Maleu
►
Mbula
Gauru
Northern Mbula
Nuclear Mbula
Sakar
►
Mengenic (3)
Lote
►
Mamusa-Mengen (2)
►
Mamusi
Melkoi
Nuclear Mamusi
►
Mengen
Bush Mengen
North Coast Mengen
South Coast Mengen
Sio
►
Southwest New Britain linkage (17)
Amara
►
Arawe-Pasismanua (14)
►
Arawe (7)
►
East Arawe (3)
Akolet
►
Avau
Gasmata
►
Lesing-Gelimi
Gelimi
Lesing
►
West Arawe (4)
Aiklep
Apalik
Gimi (West New Britain)
►
Solong
Nuclear Arawe
►
Bebeli-Mangseng (2)
Bebeli
►
Mangseng
Marapu
Umua
►
Pasismanua (5)
►
Aighon
Aigon
Apsokok
Bao
Karore
►
Kaulong
East Inland Kaulong
Nuclear Kaulong
Miu
Sengseng
►
Bibling (2)
►
Lamogai
Ibanga
Lomogai
Musen
Paret
Pulie-Rauto
►
Mouk-Aria
Mouk
Tourai
►
Tami
Taemi
Wanam
►
Sarmi-Jayapura Bay (13)
►
Jayapura Bay (3)
►
Eastern Jayapura Bay (2)
Kayupulau
Tobati
Ormu
►
Sarmi (10)
►
Anus-Podena (2)
Korur
Podena
Bonggo
►
Kaptiau-Tarpia (2)
Kaptiau
Tarpia
►
Sobeic (4)
Masimasi
►
Sobei-Liki (2)
Liki
Sobei
Wakde
Yamna
►
Schouten linkage (16)
►
Kairiru-Manam (9)
►
Kairiruic linkage (3)
►
Kaiep-Terebu (2)
Kaiep
Terebu
Kairiru
►
Manamic linkage (6)
►
Bam-Manam (3)
Biem
►
Manam-Sepa (2)
►
Manam
Wanami
Sepa (Papua New Guinea)
►
Kis-Wogeo (2)
Kis
Wogeo
Medebur
►
Siau (7)
►
Sissano-Tumleo (6)
►
Ali-Tumleo (2)
►
Kap
Ali (Papua New Guinea)
Yakamul
Tumleo
►
Sera-Sissano (4)
Sera
►
Sissanoic (3)
Arop-Sissano
Malol
Sissano
Ulau-Suain
►
Papuan Tip linkage (63)
►
Nuclear Papuan Tip linkage (43)
►
North Papuan Mainland-D'Entrecasteaux linkage (35)
Anuki
►
Are-Taupota linkage (17)
►
Are linkage (7)
►
Are-Doga (2)
Are
Doga
►
Arifama-Miniafia
Arifama
Miniafia
►
Boanaki-Paiwa (2)
Gapapaiwa
Ghayavi
Kaninuwa
Ubir
►
Maisin
Coastal Maisin
Kosirava
►
Taupota linkage (9)
Minaveha
►
Nuclear Taupota linkage (8)
►
Eastern Taupota (5)
Gweda
►
Haigwai
Kapulika
Naura
Maiwala
►
Taupota-Waiema (2)
Taupota
Wa'ema
►
Tawala
Awayama
Bohilai
Diwinai
Huhuna
Kehelala
Labe
Lelehudi
Sideya
Yaleba
►
Wedauic (2)
►
Wedau
Kwamana
Lavora
Topura
Yapoa
Yakaikeke
►
Bwaidoga linkage (7)
►
Bwaidoka-Iduna (2)
►
Bwaidoka
Bebebele II
Belebele I
Bwaidoga
Faiyava
Kilia
Kiliva
Lauwela
Mataitai
Wagifa
►
Iduna
Belebele
Central Vivigani
Goiala
Idakamenai
Kalauna
Ufaufa
Ufufu
Waibula
►
Diodio
Awale
Central Diodio
Iauiaula
Utalo
►
Iamalelic (2)
►
Iamalele
Central Yamalele
Didigavu
Gwabegwabe
Masimasi (Yamalele)
Southern Yamalele
Maiadomu
Koluwawa
►
Molima
Ai'alu
Tala'ai
Tosila'ai
►
Dobu-Duau linkage (7)
►
Boselewa-Galeya (2)
Boselewa
►
Galeya
Basima
Gameta
Garea
Sebutuia
Urua
Wadalei
►
Bunama-Mwatebu (2)
►
Bunama
Barabara
Kasikasi
Kerorogea
Kumalahu
Lomitawa
Meudana
Nuclear Bunama
Sawabwala
Sawatupwa
Sipupu
Weyoko
Mwatebu
►
Dobu
Central Dobu
Galubwa
Loboda
Sanaroa
Ubuia
►
Duau
Dawada
Guleguleu
Mwalukwasia
Siausi
Somwadina
►
Sewa Bay
Bwakera
Central Sewa Bay
Darubia
Maiabare
Miadeba
Sewataitai
Sibonai
Gumawana
►
Kakabai linkage (2)
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Malaccan Creole Malay
Sri Lanka Malay
Old Malay
►
Western Malayic Dayak (2)
►
Kendayan-Belangin
Ambawang
Belangin
Nuclear Kendayan
Menterap
►
Minahasan (5)
►
North Minahasan (4)
►
Northeast Minahasan (3)
►
Tombulu
Taratara
Tomohon
►
Tondano
Kakas
Nuclear Tondano
Remboken
►
Tonsea
Airmadidi
Kalabat Atas
Kauditan
Likupang
Maumbi
►
Tontemboan
Langoan
Sonder
Tompaso
Tonsawang
►
Moken-Moklen (2)
►
Moken
Dung
Ja-It
L'be
Moklen
►
North Borneo Malayo-Polynesian (91)
►
Central Sarawak (20)
►
Melanau-Kajang (7)
►
Kajang (3)
►
Kajaman-Lahanan (2)
Kajaman
Lahanan
Sekapan
►
Melanau (4)
►
Central Melanau
Balingian
Bruit
Dalat
Igan
Mukah-Oya
Prehan
Sarikei
Segahan
Segalang
Siteng
►
Daro-Matu Melanau
Daro Melanau
Matu Melanau
►
Sibu-Kanowit-Tanjong (2)
Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau
►
Sibu Melanau
Banyok
Seduan
►
Punan-Muller-Schwaner (13)
►
Muller-Schwaner (3)
►
Aoheng-Seputan
Aoheng
Seputan
►
Hovongan-Kereho (2)
►
Hobongan
Nuclear Hovongan
Semukung Uheng
Kereho
►
Punan (10)
►
Aput-Busang-Merah-Kohi (4)
Punan Aput
Punan Batu 1
Punan Merah
Sihan
►
Bukat-Ukit-Beketan-Lugat-Lisum (3)
Bukat
►
Bukitan
Punan Busang
Punan Ukit
Ukit
►
Punan Tubu-Bah (3)
►
Punan Bah-Biau
Punan Bah
Punan Biau
Punan Tubu
►
Sajau-Latti
Latti
Punan Basap
Punan Batu 2
Punan Sajau
►
Kayan-Murik-Modang (10)
►
Kayan-Murik (8)
►
Kayanic (7)
Bahau
►
Baram Kayan
Long Akahsemuka
Long Atip
►
Kayan River Kayan
Kayaniyut Kayan
Uma Lakan
Mendalam Kayan
►
Rejang-Makaham Kayan (3)
►
Busang Kayan
Belayan
Long Bleh
Mahakam Busang
Kayan Mahakam
►
Rejang Kayan
Lemena
Lisum
Long Badan
Long Geng
Long Kehobo
Long Murun
Ma'aging
Uma Daro
Uma Juman
►
Murik (Malaysia)
Huang Bau
Merap
►
Ngorek
Long Banyuq
Long Semiang
Pua'
►
Modang-Segai (2)
►
Modang
Benehes
Kelingan (Indonesia)
Liah Bing
Long Bento'
Long Glat
Nahes
►
Segai
Kelai
Segah
►
North Sarawakan (22)
►
Berawan-Lower Baram (8)
►
Berawan (3)
►
Central-East Berawan (2)
Central Berawan
East Berawan
West Berawan
►
Lower Baram (5)
►
Central Lower Baram A (3)
►
Kiput
Lemiting
Long Kiput
Long Tutoh
Lemeting
Tutong
►
Central Lower Baram B (2)
►
Lelak
Dali (Lelak)
Nuclear Lelak
►
Narom
Miri (Malaysia)
Nuclear Narom
Bintulu
►
Dayic (5)
►
Kelabit
Bario
Brung
Lepu Potong
Libbung
Lon Bangag
►
Lengilu
Binuang
Long Layu’
Long Mutan
Long Padi
►
Lundayeh
Abai
Adang (Lundayeh)
Balait
Kolur
Lepu Potong (Lundayeh)
Lun Bawang
Lun Dayah
Lun Daye
Padas
Pa Kembaloh
Trusan
►
Sa'ban
Nuclear Sa'ban
Pa' Dalan
Tang Paye
Tring
►
Kenyahic (8)
►
Highland Kenyah (3)
►
Upper Pujungan (2)
►
Uma' Lasan
Kakus Penan
Kemena Penan
Long Bangan
Lunan
Uma Bakah
Uma' Lung
►
Usun Apau Kenyah
Lepo' Kulit
Uma Bem
Uma Jalam
Uma Tau
►
Lowland Kenyah (5)
►
Eastern Lowland Kenyah
Uma Timai
►
Western Lowland Kenyah-Penan (4)
►
Penan (3)
►
Eastern Penan
Penan Apoh
►
Western Penan-Sebop (2)
►
Sebop
Bah Malei
Lirong
Long Atun
Long Ekang
Long Luyang
Long Pokun
Tinjar Sibop
►
Western Penan
Bok Penan
Jelalong Penan
Nibong
Penan Apo
Penan Gang
Penan Lanying
Penan Lusong
Penan Silat
Sipeng
►
Western Lowland Kenyah
Long Labid
Lugat
Nuclear Long Wat
►
Sabahan (39)
Bolongan
►
Northeast Sabahan (2)
Bonggi
►
Ida'an
Begak
Nuclear Ida'an
Subpan
►
Southwest Sabahan (36)
►
Greater Dusunic (20)
►
Bisaya-Lotud (3)
►
Brunei Bisaya-Dusun
Brunei Bisaya
Brunei Dusun
Lotud
Sabah Bisaya
►
Dusunic (11)
►
Kadazan-Sugut-Minokok (3)
►
Kadazan Dusun
Beaufort Dusun
Bundu (Taginambur)
Coastal Kadazan
Dusun Sinulihan
Kadazan-Tagaro
Kiundu
Kota Marudu Tinagas
Kuriyou (Kuala Monsok Dusun)
Luba
Menggatal
Pahu'
Ranau
Sokid
Tambunan Dusun
Tempasuk Dusun
►
Sugut-Minokok Kadazan (2)
Minokok
►
Sugut Dusun
Talantang
Tinagas
►
Kimaragang
Pitas Kimaragang
Sandayo
Sonsogon
Tandek
Klias River Kadazan
Kota Marudu Talantang
Kuijau
►
Rungus-Mangkaak-Labuk (3)
►
Dumpas-Sukang (2)
Dumpas
►
Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan
Labuk (Kadazan)
Lamag Sungai
Mangkaak
Sukang
►
Rungus
Gonsomon
Nuclear Rungus
Nulu
Tobilung
►
Paitanic (6)
Abai Sungai
Serudung Murut
►
Tombonuo
Lingkabau Sugut
►
Upper Kinabatangan-Lobu (3)
►
Lanas Lobu
Lobu
Rumanau
Tampias Lobu
►
Upper Kinabatangan
Dusun Segama
Kalabuan
Makiang
Sinabu'
►
Greater Murutic (16)
►
Murutic (14)
Abai Tubu-Abai Sembuak
►
Eastern Murutic (4)
Kalabakan
Okolod
►
Selungai-Sembakung Murut (2)
Selungai Murut
Sembakung Murut
►
Northern Murutic (9)
Gana
►
Lowland Murut (3)
►
Bookan
Baukan
Kokoroton Murut
Tengara
►
Keningau Murut
Ambual
Dusun Murut
Nabay
►
Timugon Murut
Beaufort Murut
Bukau
Dabugus
Kapagalan
Lower Murut
Murut Padas
Poros
Sandiwar
Timugon
►
Paluan
Dalit Murut
Makaheeliga
Nuclear Paluan
Pandewan
Sook Murut
Takapan
►
Sumambu-Tagal (4)
►
Tagal Murut
Alumbis
Maligan
Pensiangan Murut
Rundum
Salalir
Sapulot Murut
Sumambu
Tagal
Tawan
Tolokoson
Tomani
►
Tidung-Bulusu (3)
Burusu
►
Tidung (2)
►
Northern Tidung
Labuk (Tidund)
Tanjung Aru
►
Southern Tidung
Nonukan
Penchangan
Sedalir
Sembakung
Sesayap
Tarakan
Papar
Tatana
►
Northern Luzon (51)
Arta
►
Cagayan Valley (12)
►
Ibanagic (11)
►
Adasen
Eastern Addasen
Western Addasen
►
Atta (3)
Faire Atta
Pamplona Atta
Pudtol Atta
►
Gaddangic (5)
►
Cagayan-Baliwon Gaddang (2)
Ga'dang
Gaddang
Central Cagayan Agta
Itawit
Yogad
►
Ibanag
North Ibanag
South Ibanag
Malaweg
►
Isnag
Bayag
Calanasan
Dibagat-Kabugao
Karagawan
Talifugu-Ripang
Iloko
►
Meso-Cordilleran (32)
Northern Alta
►
South-Central Cordilleran (30)
►
Central Cordilleran (23)
►
Kalinga-Itneg (12)
►
Itneg (2)
Binongan Itneg
Inlaod Itneg
►
Kalinga (10)
►
Central and South Kalinga (5)
►
Lubuagan Kalinga
Ableg-Salegseg
Balatok-Kalinga
Balbalasang
Guinaang
Lubuagan
►
South Kalinga (4)
►
Bangad
Mallango
Nuclear Bangad
Sumadel
Tinglayan
Butbut Kalinga
►
Southeastern Kalinga (2)
Madukayang Kalinga
►
Tanudan Kalinga
Minangali
Pinangol
Tinaloctoc
►
Masadiit (2)
►
Masadiit Itneg
Masadiit Boliney
Masadiit Sallapadan
Moyadan Itneg
►
Northern Kalinga (3)
Limos Kalinga
►
Northwest Kalinga (2)
►
Banao Itneg
Banao Pikekj
Gubang Itneg
Malibcong Banao
Mabaka Valley Kalinga
►
Nuclear Cordilleran (11)
Balangao
►
Bontok-Kankanay (5)
►
Bontok (2)
►
Central Bontoc
Bayyu
Guinaang Bontoc
Sadanga
►
Eastern-Southern Bontok
►
Eastern Bontok
Barlig
Kadaklan
Lias
Southern Bontok
►
Kankanay (3)
►
Kankanaey
Bakun-Kibungan
Guinzadan
Kapangan
Mankayan-Buguias
►
Maeng-Northern Kankanay (2)
Maeng Itneg
Northern Kankanay
►
Ifugaw (4)
►
Amganad Ifugao
Banaue Ifugao
Burnay Ifugao
►
Batad-Mayoyao (2)
►
Batad Ifugao
Ayangan Ifugao
Ducligan Ifugao
Nuclear Batad Ifugao
Mayoyao Ifugao
►
Tuwali Ifugao
Hapao Ifugao
Hungduan Ifugao
Lagawe Ifugao
Isinai
►
Southern Cordilleran (7)
►
Ilongot
Abaka
Egongot
Ibalao
Italon
Iyongut
►
West Southern Cordilleran (6)
►
Nuclear Southern Cordilleran (5)
►
Ibaloi
Bokod
Daklan
Kabayan
I-Wak
►
Kalanguya (2)
►
Ahin-Kayapa Kalanguya
Kayapa Kallahan
Tinoc Kallahan
►
Keley-i Kallahan
Bayninan
Ya-Tuka
Karao
Pangasinan
Southern Alta
►
Northeastern Luzon (4)
►
Dupaninan Agta
Barongagunay
Bolos Point
Camonayan
Palaui Island
Peñablanca
Roso
Santa Ana-Gonzaga
Santa Margarita
Tanglagan
Valley Cove
Yaga
►
Nuclear Northeastern Luzon (3)
Casiguran-Nagtipunan Agta
►
Paranan-Pahanan (2)
Agta-Pahanan
►
Paranan
Palanan Dumagat
►
Unclassified Northern Luzon (1)
Dicamay Agta
►
North Mangyan (3)
Alangan
►
Iraya
Abra-De-Ilog
Alag-Bako
Pagbahan
Palauan-Calavite
Pambuhan
Santa Cruz (Iraya)
Tadyawan
►
Nunusaku (32)
►
Kayeli
Leliali
Lumaete
Nuclear Kayeli
►
Patakai-Manusela (4)
►
Manusela-Huaulu (2)
Huaulu
►
Manusela
Hatuolu
Kanikeh
Maneo
South Manusela
►
Patakai (2)
North Nuaulu
South Nuaulu
►
Piru Bay (19)
►
East Piru Bay (14)
►
Eastern Littoral Piru Bay (2)
Sepa (Indonesia)
►
Teluti
Laha Serani
West Teluti
►
Solehua (12)
Paulohi
►
Seram Straits (11)
►
Ambonic (4)
►
Central Ambon (2)
Laha (Indonesia)
►
Seit-Kaitetu
Kaitetu
Seit
►
Northeast Ambon (2)
►
Hitu
Hila
Mamala
Morela
Nuclear Hitu
Wakal
►
Tulehu
Liang
Nuclear Tulehu
Tengah-Tengah
Tial
►
Kaibobo
Hatusua
Nuclear Kaibobo
►
Uliase (6)
►
Hatuhaha (5)
►
Haruku
Hulaliu
Kailolo
Pelauw
Rohomoni
►
Saparuan (4)
►
Elpaputi (2)
►
Amahai
Makariki
Rutah
Soahuku
Nusa Laut
►
Saparua-Latu (2)
Latu
►
Saparua
Iha-Saparua
Iha-Seram
Kulur
Siri-Sori
Kamarian
►
West Piru Bay (5)
►
Asilulu
Negeri Lima
Nuclear Asilulu
Ureng
►
Hoamoal (4)
►
East Hoamoal (2)
Boano (Maluku)
►
Larike-Wakasihu
Allang
Larike
Wakasihu
►
West Hoamoal (2)
►
Luhu-Piru
Batu Merah
Kelang
Nuclear Luhu
Manipa
►
Three Rivers (8)
►
Amalumute (7)
►
Northwest Seram (6)
Hulung
►
Lisabata-Nuniali
Kawa
Lisabata-Timur
Nuniali
Sukaraja
Loun
Saleman
►
Ulat Inai (2)
►
Alune
Central East Alune
Central West Alune
Kairatu
North Coastal Alune
South Alune
Naka'ela
Yalahatan-Haruru-Awaiya
►
Wemale
Horale
Kasieh
Uwenpantai
Palauan
►
Rejang
Kebanagung
Lebong
Pasisir
Rawas
Rejang Musi
►
Sangiric (5)
►
Northern Sangiric (3)
►
Sangil-Sangir (2)
►
Sangil
Mindanao
Sarangani
►
Sangir
Manganitu
North Tabukang
Siau (Sangir)
South Tabukang
Tamako
►
Talaud
Arangka'a
Awit
Beo
Dapalan
Essang
Kaburuang
Lirang
Nenusa-Maingas
South Karakelong
►
Southern Sangiric (2)
Bantik
Ratahan
►
Sumatran (14)
►
Batakic (7)
►
Central-Southern Batak (4)
Batak Simalungun
►
Southern Batak (3)
►
Angkola-Mandailing (2)
Batak Angkola
Batak Mandailing
Batak Toba
►
Northern Batak (3)
►
Batak Alas-Kluet
Alas
Batak Dairi
►
Batak Karo
Singkil
►
Central Barrier Islands (2)
►
Nias
Central Nias
Nias Selatan
Nias Utara
►
Sikule
Lekon
Tapah
Enggano
►
Gayo
Bobasan
Dorot
Serbodjadi
Tampur
►
Mentawai
North Siberut
Pagai
Sakalagan
Saumanganja
Silabu
Simalegi
Sipura
South Siberut
Taikaku
Nasal
Simeulue
►
Sundanese
►
Banten (Sundanese)
Badui
Pandeglang
Serang Sundanese
Tangerang Sundanese
►
Mid-East Sundanese
Brebes
Cirebon Sundanese
Indramayu Sundanese
Kuningan Sundanese
Majalengka Sundanese
►
North Coast Sundanese
Binong Sundanese
Bogor
Karawang Sundanese
Old Sundanese
►
Priangan
Bandung Sundanese
Ciamis
Garut
Sumedang
Tasikmalaya
►
Tanimbar-Bomberai (11)
►
Nuclear Tanimbar-Bomberai (6)
►
Kei-Fordata (2)
►
Fordata
Fordata-Larat I
Fordata-Larat II
Molo (Indonesia)
Sera (Indonesia)
►
Kei
Kei Besar
Kei Kecil
Ta'am
Tanimbar Kei
Tayando
►
Yamdena-Onin (4)
►
Oninic (3)
►
Onin
Nikuda
Ogar
Patipi
Sepa
Sekar
Uruangnirin
►
Yamdena
North Yamdena
South Yamdena
►
Nuta (3)
Arguni
Bedoanas
►
Erokwanas
Darembang
Goras
►
Teor-Kur (2)
Kur
►
Teor
Gaur Kristen
Ut
►
Timor-Babar (47)
►
Eastern Timor (6)
►
Central Timoric A (3)
Habu
►
Tetunic (2)
►
Tetum
Eastern Tetun
Northern Tetun
Southern Tetun
Tetun Dili
►
Kawaimina (3)
►
Kairui-Midiki
Kairui
Midiki
►
Nauete
Naumik
Oso Moko
Waima'a
►
Helong
Funai
Helong Darat
Helong Pulau
►
Lakalei-Idate (2)
Idaté
Lakalei
►
Rote-Meto (10)
►
Nuclear Rote (5)
►
Central East Rote (3)
►
Southeast Rote (2)
►
Bilba
Bokai
Diu
Lelenuk
Nuclear Bilba
►
Ringgou
Landu
Nuclear Ringgou
Oe Pao
►
Termanu
Korbafo
Pa'da
►
Pa'da Kona
Keka
Talae
►
Lole
Ba'a
North Lole
South Lole
Tii
►
West Rote (5)
►
Dela-Oenale
Dela
Oenale
►
Dengka-Meto (4)
►
Dengka
Eastern Dengka
Lelain
Western Dengka
►
Meto (3)
►
Amarasi
Amabi
Kotos
Ro'is
Ro'is Hero
Ro'is Tais Nonof
►
Central Meto (2)
►
Baikeno
Kais Metan
Tai Boko
Uis Tasae
►
Uab Meto
Amanuban-Amanatun
Amfoan-Fatule'u
Baumata
Biboki-Insana
Ketun
Kopas
Kusa-Manlea
Mollo-Miomafo
Timaus
►
Southwest Maluku (23)
►
Babar (12)
►
North Babaric (3)
Dai
Dawera-Daweloor
North Babar
►
South Babar (8)
►
Masela-South Babar (5)
Central Masela
East Masela
Serili
Southeast Babar
West Masela
►
Southwest Babar (3)
Emplawas
Imroing
Tela-Masbuar
West Damar
East Damar
►
Luangic-Kisaric (4)
►
Kisaric (2)
Kisar
Roma
►
Luangic (2)
Leti (Indonesia)
►
Luang
►
Nuclear Luang
Lakor
Luang island
Moa
Sermata
Wetan
Maku'a
►
South Tanimbar (2)
►
Selaru
Kandar
►
Seluwasan
Makatian
Nuclear Seluwasan
►
Teun-Nila-Serua (3)
►
Nila-Serua (2)
Nila
Serua
Te'un
►
Wetar-Atauro (5)
►
Galoli-Talur
Baba (East Timor)
Edi
Hahak
Na Nahek
Nuclear Galoli
►
Talur
Hiay
Ilputih (Talur)
Ilwaki
►
Wetar (4)
►
Ili'uun
Dadu'a
Eray
Esulit
Ilmaumau
Karbubu
Klishatu
Nabar
Telemar
Ustutun
►
Perai-Tugun-Aputai (3)
►
Perai-Aputai (2)
►
Aputai
Ilputih (Aputai)
Lurang
Welemur
►
Perai
Moning
Uhak
►
Tugun
Arwala
Ilpokil
Kahailin Ilway
Mahuan
Masapua
Tomliapat
►
Tolitoli (2)
Boano (Sulawesi)
Totoli
►
West Central Maluku (5)
Ambelau
►
Sula-Buru (4)
►
Buruic (3)
►
Buru (Indonesia)
Central Buru
Fogi
Masarete
Wae Sama
Hukumina
►
Lisela
Nuclear Lisela
Tagalisa
►
Sula
Mangole
►
Sanana
Facei
Fagudu
Falahu
►
Northwest Formosan (3)
Kulon
►
Pazeh-Kahabu
Kahabu
Pazeh
►
Saisiyat
Taai
Tungho
Paiwan
►
Puyuma
Nanwang
Pinan
►
Rukai
Budai
Labuan
Maga
Mantauran
Tanan
Tona
►
Tsouic (3)
►
Kanakanavu-Saaroa (2)
Kanakanavu
Saaroa
►
Tsou
Duhtu
Iimutsu
Luhtu
Tapangu
Tfuea
►
Western Plains Austronesian (3)
►
Central Western Plains (2)
►
Babuza
Favorlang
Poavosa
Taokas
►
Papora-Hoanya
Hoanya
Papora
►
Thao
Brawbaw
Sao (Formosan)
Shtafari
Comments on subclassification
Holzknecht, Susanne 1989
Glottocode:
uppe1423
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Stamen.Watercolor
Stamen.Terrain
Stamen.TerrainBackground
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Alternative names
multitree:
Upper Markham
References
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bibliographical
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gj
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