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Spoken L1 Language:
Tongva
Classification
open Tongva
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Uto-Aztecan (69)
▼
Northern Uto-Aztecan (16)
▼
Californian Uto-Aztecan (7)
►
Cupan (4)
►
Cahuilla-Cupeno (2)
►
Cahuilla
Desert Cahuilla
Mountain Cahuilla
Pass Cahuilla
Cupeño
►
Luiseno-Juaneño
Juaneño
Luiseño
►
Unclassified Cupan (1)
Island Takic
▼
Serran (2)
►
Serrano
Kitanemuk
Nuclear Serrano
Vanyume
Tongva
Tübatulabal
►
Hopi
First Mesa
Second Mesa
Third Mesa
►
Numic (7)
►
Central Numic (3)
Comanche
Panamint
►
Shoshoni
Gosiute
Northern Shoshoni
Western Shoshoni
►
Southern Numic (2)
Kawaiisu
►
Ute-Southern Paiute
Chemehuevi
Southern Paiute
Ute
►
Western Numic (2)
Mono (USA)
►
Northern Paiute
Bannock
North Northern Paiute
South Northern Paiute
►
Unclassified Northern Uto-Aztecan (1)
Omomil
►
Southern Uto-Aztecan (53)
►
Cahitan (2)
Mayo
Yaqui
►
Corachol-Aztecan (34)
►
Aztec (31)
►
Eastern Nahuatl (14)
Central Puebla Nahuatl
►
Huasteca Nahuatl (3)
Central Huasteca Nahuatl
►
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
Southeastern Huasteca Nahuatl
►
Western Huasteca Nahuatl
Western Huasteca Náhuatl
►
Isthmus-Pipil Nahuatl (5)
►
Isthmus Nahuatl (4)
Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl
Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl
Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl
Tabasco Nahuatl
Pipil
Ometepec Nahuatl
►
Orizaba Nahuatl
Ixhuatlancillo Nahuatl
►
Sierra de Puebla Nahuatl (3)
Highland Puebla Nahuatl
Huaxcaleca Nahuatl
Sierra Negra Nahuatl
Pochutec
►
Western Nahuatl (16)
►
Central Nahuatl (10)
►
Central Guerrero Nahuatl
►
Oapanic
Ameyaltepec-Xalitla
San Marcos Oacacingo
►
Tonogenetic Balsas Nahuatl
Ahuelicán
San Agustín Oapan-Analco-Tula del Rio
Ostotipan-San Francisco Ozomatlán
San Juan Tetelcingo-Tlamamacán
San Juan Totolcintla-Ahuetlixpa
San Miguel Tecuiciapan
Classical Nahuatl
Morelos Nahuatl
Northern Puebla Nahuatl
Tetelcingo Nahuatl
►
Tlaxcala-Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl (5)
►
Southeast Puebla-Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl (2)
Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl
Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl
►
Tlaxcala-Puebla-Pastoral Nahuatl (2)
Santa María La Alta Nahuatl
Tlaxcala-Puebla-Central Nahuatl
Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl
►
Western Periphery-North Guerrero Nahuatl (6)
►
North Guerrero Nahuatl (2)
Coatepec Nahuatl
Tlamacazapa Nahuatl
Temascaltepec Nahuatl
►
Western Periphery Nahuatl (3)
►
Durango Nahuatl (2)
Eastern Durango Nahuatl
Western Durango Nahuatl
Michoacán Nahuatl
►
Corachol (3)
►
Coran (2)
►
El Nayar Cora
Jesús María Cora
La Mesa del Nayar Cora
Presidio de los Reyes Cora
San Francisco Cora
►
Santa Teresa Cora
Dolores Cora
Nuclear Santa Teresa Cora
Rosarito Cora
San Blasito Cora
San Juan Corapan Cora
►
Huichol
Coyultita
San Andrés Cohamiata
San Sebastián-Santa Catarina
►
Opata-Eudeve (2)
Eudeve
Teguima
►
Tarahumara-Guarijio (6)
►
Huarijio
Highland Huarijío
Lowland Huarijío
►
Tarahumaran (5)
Central Tarahumara
►
Southeastern Tarahumara
Chinatú Tarahumara
Turuachi
►
Unclassified Tarahumaran (2)
Northern Tarahumara
Southwestern Tarahumara
►
Western Tarahumara
Guazapar
Urique Tarahumara
Uruachi Tarahumara
►
Tepiman (6)
►
Piman (2)
►
Pima Bajo
Chihuahua Pima Bajo
Sonora Pima Bajo
►
Tohono O'odham
Akimel O'odham
Tohono O'odam
►
Tepehuan (4)
Northern Tepehuan
►
Southern Tepehuan (3)
Southeastern Tepehuan
Southwestern Tepehuan
Tepecano
Tubar
►
Unclassified Southern Uto-Aztecan (2)
Coca
Jova
Comments on subclassification
Jane H. Hill 2011
Golla, Victor 2011
Endangerment
AES status:
extinct
Source:
David M. Eberhard and Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig 2022
Comment:
Gabrielino-Fernandeño (xgf-xgf) = 9 (Reawakening).
Glottocode:
tong1329
ISO 639-3:
xgf
+
−
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Links
[xgf] at ISO 639-3
[xgf] at OLAC
[xgf] at IMTVault
Tongva at Grambank
Wikipedia
Wikidata
Countries
United States [US]
References
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Details
Name
Title
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ca
Year
Pages
Doctype
ca
Provider
da
--any--
unknown
bibliographical
ethnographic
overview
dialectology
socling
minimal
comparative
wordlist
new_testament
text
phonology
specific_feature
dictionary
grammar_sketch
grammar
--any--
anla
asjp2010
bahasa
benjamins
bibliolux
bowern
cldf
degruyter
eballiso2009
elpub
evobib
fabreall2009ann
gilbertese
gj
glossa
goba
guldemann
haspelmath
hedvig-tirailleur
hh
iso6393
jocp
langsci
lapolla-tibeto-burman
ldh
lewinmanx
ludger-paschen-germanic
marctang
mpieva
ofdn
otomanguean
ozbib
phoible
sala
schikowski_chintang
seifart
sil16
silpng
sn
stampe
weball
zorcpapers
zurich
citation
Munro, Pamela 2000
The Gabrielino Enclitic System
2000
19
specific_feature
hh
,
zurich
citation
Munro, Pamela 2008
Yaara' Shriraaw'ax 'Eyooshiraaw'a: now you're speaking our language Gabrielino/Tongva/Fernandeño
2008
44
wordlist
hh
citation
Buschmann, Johann C. E. 1856
Die Sprachen Kizh und Netela von Neu-Californien
1856
44
wordlist
hh
citation
Horatio Hale 1846
Ethnology and Philology
1846
689
ethnographic
,
overview
,
wordlist
hh
citation
Anthony P. Grant 1992
The vocabularies of Scouler, Tolmie and Coulter: A reappraisal
1992
25
wordlist
hh
citation
Kroeber, Alfred L. 1907
Shoshonean dialects of California
1907
100
overview
,
comparative
,
wordlist
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Kroeber, Alfred L. 1909
Notes on Shoshonean dialects of Southern California
1909
35
overview
,
comparative
,
wordlist
hh
,
mpieva
citation
Latham, Robert Gordon 1862
Elements of comparative philology
1862
820
overview
,
comparative
,
wordlist
eballiso2009
,
evobib
,
hh
,
ozbib
citation
Hill, Jane H. and Kenneth C. Hill 2019
Comparative Takic Grammar
2019
1475
overview
,
comparative
cldf
,
hh
citation
Golla, Victor 2011
California Indian languages
2011
395
bibliographical
,
overview
,
comparative
cldf
,
hh
citation
Johnston, Bernice Eastman 1964
California's Gabrielino Indians
1964
198
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Reid, H. 1885
Account of the Indians of Los Angeles County
1885
33
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Harrington, J. P. 1942
Central California Coast
1942
46
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Kroeber, A. I. 1925
The Gabrielino
1925
16
ethnographic
cldf
citation
Bean, Lowell John and Charles R. Smith 1978
Gabrielino
1978
12
ethnographic
hh
citation
Johnston, B. J. 1955-1956
The Gabrielino Indians of Southern California
1955
ethnographic
cldf
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