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Kotoko Central
Classification
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Afro-Asiatic (381)
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Berber (27)
Awjilah
►
Ghadames
Ayt Waziten
Elt Ulid
►
Greater Zenatic (12)
►
Libyan-Egyptian Oases Berber (2)
Sawknah-Fogaha
Siwi
►
Zenatic (10)
►
Chaouia of the Aures
Belezma
Central Aures
Eastern Tachawit
Tammusht
►
Northern Saharan Oasis Berber (5)
►
Ouargli-Oued Righ (2)
►
Ouargli
Ouedghir
Tariyit
Temacin
Oued Righ
►
Sud Oranais-Gourara
Gourara
South Oran
Touat
►
Tidikelt-Tuat Tamazight
Tidikelt
Tit
Tumzabt
►
Tarifiyt-Beni-Iznasen-Eastern Middle Atlas Berber
Eastern Middle Atlas Berber
►
Riffian
►
Eastern Rif
Beni Iznassen
►
Central Rif
Arzeu
Beni Oulichek
Beni Touzine
Guelaya
Temsamane
Kebdana
►
Southern Rif
Beni Bou Yhi
Igzennaian
Metalsa
►
Western Rif
Boqqoya
Urrighel
►
Western Algerian Berber
Beni Snous
Metmata
Tachenwit
Tamezret
►
Zuara-Sened (2)
►
Sened
Nuclear Sened
Tmagourt
►
Tunisian-Zuwara Berber
Douiret-Chenini
Jerba
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Kabyle-Atlas Berber (5)
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Atlas Berber (4)
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Central Moroccan Berber
Central Atlas
Standard Moroccan Tamazight
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Northwestern Moroccan Berber (2)
Ghomara
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Senhaja De Srair
Ayt Bunsar
Ayt Hmed
Ayt Mezduy
Ayt Seddat
Ketama
Taghzut
Zerqet
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Tachelhit
Anti-Atlas
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Sus-Agadir
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Kabyle
Eastern Kabyle
Far Western Kabyle
Tasahlit
Western Kabyle
Nafusi
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Tuareg (4)
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Southern Tuareg (3)
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Tamasheq
Tadghaq
Tadhaq
Timbuktu
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Tawallammat Tamajaq
Ioullemmeden
Tawallammat Tan Ataram
Tawallammat Tan Dannag
►
Tayart Tamajeq
Air (Berber)
Tanassfarwat
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Tahaggart Tamahaq
Ghat
Hoggar
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Unclassified Berber (1)
Guanche
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Western Berber (2)
Tetserret
Zenaga
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Chadic (210)
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Biu-Mandara (80)
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Hurza (2)
Mbuko
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Vame
Dume (Vame)
Hurzo
Mberem
Ndreme
Pelasla
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North Biu-Mandara (50)
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Gidar
Lam
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Higic (5)
Hya
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Nkafa-Kirya-Bana (3)
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Bana
Gamboura
Gili
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Nkafa-Kirya (2)
Kamwe
Kirya-Konzel
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Psikye
Nuclear Psikye
Wula
Zlenge
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Kotoko-Buduma (10)
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Buduma
Kuri (Buduma)
Northern Buduma
Nuclear Buduma
Southern Buduma
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Kotoko Central (2)
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Lagwan
Affade
Logone-Birni
Logone-Gana
►
Mser
Gawi
Houlouf
Kabe
Kalo
Nuclear Mser
►
Kotoko Meridional (2)
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Jina
Mo'e
Muhulu
Zina
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Majera
Hwalem
Kajire-'dulo
Nuclear Majera
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Kotoko Septentrional (5)
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Kotoko Septentrional 1 (2)
Afade
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Maslam
Nuclear Maslam
Sao
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Kotoko Septentrional 2 (3)
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Malgbe
Douguia
Dro
Goulfey
Mara (Malgbe)
Nuclear Malgbe
Walia (Malgbe)
►
Mpade
Bodo (Mpade)
Digam
Makari
Nuclear Mpade
Shoe
Woulki
Ngala of Lake Chad
►
Lamang-Hdi (3)
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Hdi
Tur
►
Lamang
►
Central Laamang
Dlige
Hedkala
Waga
Ghudavan
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North Laamang
Dzuba
Gwoza
Leghva
Zaladeva
Zalidva
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Vemgo-Mabas
Vemgo
Visik
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Margi-Mandara-Mofu (25)
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Bura-Marghi (7)
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Buraic (4)
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Bura-Pabir
Hyil Hawul
Pabir
Pela (Nigeria)
Cibak
Nggwahyi
Putai
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Marghic (3)
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Kilba-South Margi (2)
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Huba
Luwa
Marghi South
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Marghi Central
Gulak
Gwara (Marghi)
Lassa
Wurga
►
Mandaraic (9)
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Dghwedeic (4)
Dghwede
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Gudufic (2)
Cineni
►
Guduf-Gava
Chena
Chikide
Gava
Gvoko
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Podoko (2)
Matal
Parkwa
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Wandala-Malgwa-Glavda (3)
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Glavda
Bokwa
Ngoshie (Glavda)
Nuclear Glavda
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Wandala-Malgwa (2)
Malgwa
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Wandala
Gamargu
Gwanje
Jampalam
Kamburwama
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Mura
Nuclear Wandala
Ziogba
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Mofuic (9)
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Meri (3)
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Dugwor-Merey (2)
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Dugwor
Mikere
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Merey
Dugur
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Zulgo-Gemzek
Gemzek
Mineo
Zulgo
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Mofu (2)
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Mofu-Gudur
Dimeo
Gudur
Massagal
Mokong
Njeleng
Zidim
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North Mofu
Douroun
Wazan
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Tokombere (4)
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Madaic (3)
Mada (Cameroon)
Muyang
Wuzlam
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Moloko
Baka (Mandara Mountains)
Melokwo
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Maroua (3)
Baldemu
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Giziga (2)
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North Giziga
Muturuwa
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South Giziga
Mi Mijivin
Muturami
Rum
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Musguic (3)
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Musgu-Mbara (2)
Mbara (Chad)
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Musgu
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Munjuk-Nord
Beege
Mpus
Muzuk
Vulum
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Muskum
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South Biu-Mandara (27)
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Bataic (12)
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Bata-Bwatiye (2)
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Bacama
Bacama-Yimburu
Mulyen
Opalo
Wa-Duku
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Bata
Demsa
Garoua (Bata)
Jirai
Kobotachi
Malabu (Bata)
Ndeewe
Ribaw
Wadi (Bata)
Zumu
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Gudeic (8)
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Gude-Jimi-Zizilivakan (4)
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Fali-Gude (2)
Fali
►
Gude
Fali of Jilvu
Fali of Mubi
Fali of Mucella
Fali of Vimtim
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Jimi (Cameroon)
Djimi
Jimo
Malabu
Wadi
Zumo (Cameroon)
Zizilivakan
►
Nzanyic (2)
Holma
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Nzanyi
Dede
Hoode
Lovi
Magara
Maiha
Mutidi
Nggwoli
Paka
Rogede
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Sharwa-Tsuvan (2)
Sharwa
Tsuvan
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Gudu
Kumbi
Ngwaba
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Dabaic (6)
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Buwal-Gavar (2)
Buwal
Gavar
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Daba-Mazagway-Kola (2)
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Daba
Nive
Pologozom
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Mazagway
Kola (Mazagway)
Musgoi
Mbedam
►
Mina (Cameroon)
Besleri
Gamdugun
Jingjing
►
Matakam (3)
►
Mafa
►
Central Mafa
Koza
Ldamtsai
Mokola
Mokolo
Ouzal
►
East Mafa
Roua
Soulede
Nuclear Mafa
►
West Mafa
Magoumaz
Mavoumay
►
Mefele-Cuvok (2)
Cuvok
►
Mefele
Muhura
Nuclear Mefele
Serak
Shugule
Sukur
►
Teraic (5)
►
Eastern Tera (3)
Boga
►
Ga'anda
Gabin
Nuclear Ga'anda
Hwana
►
Western Tera (2)
Jara
►
Tera
Bura Kokura
Nyimatli
Pidlimndi
►
Unclassified Biu-Mandara (1)
Jilbe
►
East Chadic (36)
►
East Chadic A (14)
►
East Chadic A.1 (6)
Gadang
►
Sumrayic (5)
►
Ndam-Tumak (3)
Mire
►
Ndam
Ndam Dik
Ndam-Ndam
►
Tumak
Mod
Nuclear Tumak
►
Sarwa-Sumray (2)
Sarua
Somrai
►
East Chadic A.2 (6)
►
East Chadic A.2 1 (2)
Lele (Chad)
Nancere
►
East Chadic A.2 2 (4)
►
Gabri-Kimre (2)
Gabri
►
Kimre
Buruwa
Kimruwa
Tchire
►
Kabalai
Gablai
►
Tobanga
Gabri-North
Moonde
Nuclear Tobanga
►
East Chadic A.3 (2)
►
Kera
Nyimathli
►
Kwang
Aloa
Gaya (East Chadic)
Kawalké
Mindéra
Mobou
Ngam (Chad)
Nuclear Kwang
Tchagin
►
East Chadic B (22)
►
Barainic (2)
►
Barain
►
Central Barain
Giliya
Jalkiya
Komiya
Jalking
►
East Chadic B.1 (12)
►
Dangla-Mabire-Birgit (8)
►
Birgit-Mogum-Toram (3)
►
Birgit
Abgue
Agrab
Duguri (Chad)
Eastern Birgit
►
Mogum
Koffa
Mogum Déle
Mogum Diguimi
Mogum Urmi
Toram
►
Dangla (4)
►
Bidiyo
Bigawguno
Garawgino
Jekkino
Nalguno
Oboyguno
►
Dangaleat
Central Dangaleat
East Dangaleat
West Dangaléat
►
Migaama
Dambiya
Doga (Chad)
Gamiya
Nuclear Migaama
►
Unclassified Dangla (1)
►
Jonkor Bourmataguil
Dougne
Musunye
Mabire
►
Mubic (4)
Kajakse
Masmaje
Mubi
Zirenkel
►
East Chadic B.3 (7)
Mawa (Chad)
►
Sokoroic (5)
►
Miltuic (2)
Boor
Miltu
►
Saba-Sokoro-Tamki (3)
Saba
►
Sokoro
Bedanga
Nuclear Sokoro
Tamki
Ubi
►
Mukulu
Doliki
Gugiko
Mezimko
Mokilko
Moriko
Seginki
►
Masa (10)
►
North Masa (6)
►
Marba-Musey (2)
►
Marba
Monogoy
►
Musey
Bongor-Jodo-Tagal-Berem-Gunu
Jaraw-Domo
Lew
Pe (Chadic)
Pe-Holom-Gamé
►
Masa-Gizey-Ham (3)
Gizey
Ham
►
Masana
Banana
Bongor
Budugum
Bugudum
►
Central Masa
Gizay
Wina
Gumay
►
West Masa
Domo
Walia
Yagwa
►
Unclassified North Masa (1)
Zumaya
►
South Masa (4)
►
Mesme
Bero
Zamre
►
Peveic (3)
►
Hede-Ngide (2)
Herde
Ngete
►
Peve
Dari (Chadic)
Doe (Chadic)
Lamé
►
West Chadic (84)
►
West Chadic A (46)
►
West Chadic A.1 (2)
►
Gwandara
Gwandara Eastern
Gwandara Gitata
Gwandara Karashi
Gwandara Koro
Gwandara Southern
Nimbia
►
Hausa
Aderawa
Damagaram
Dawra
►
Eastern Hausa
Hadejiya
Kano
Katagum
Gaya
Kurfey
►
North Hausa
Arawa
Arewa
►
Western Hausa
Adarawa
Gobirawa
Katsina
Kebbawa
Sokoto (Hausa)
Zamfarawa
►
West Chadic A.2-3 (36)
►
West Chadic A.2 (22)
►
Boleic (15)
►
Karekare
Birkai
Jalalam
Kwarta Mataci
►
Nuclear Boleic (10)
►
Galambu-Bele (6)
Galambu
►
Kirfi-Bele (5)
►
Giiwo-Daza (2)
►
Daza
Bara
Fika
Giiwo
►
Ngamo-Bele (3)
►
Bolanci-Bele (2)
Beele
►
Bole
Fika Bole
Gadam-Bara
Ngamo
►
Gera-Geruma-Kubi-Deno (4)
►
Gera-Geruma (2)
Gera
►
Geruma
Duurum
Gamsawa
Sum
►
Kubi-Deno (2)
Deno
Kubi
►
Unclassified Boleic (4)
Bure
►
Kholok
Kunshenu
Maaka
Nyam
►
Tangalic (7)
►
Dera (Nigeria)
Gasi
Shani
Shellen
►
Nuclear Tangalic (6)
Kushi
►
Peroic (2)
Pero
►
Piya-Kwonci
Kwonci
Piya
►
Tangale-Kwami-Kupto (3)
►
Kwami-Kupto (2)
Kutto
Kwaami
►
Tangale
Biliri
Kaltungo
Shongom
Ture
►
West Chadic A.3 (14)
Belneng
►
Goemaic (6)
Goemai
►
Montol
Baltap-Lalin
Nuclear Montol
►
Talic (3)
►
Piapung-Koenoem (2)
Koenoem
Pyapun
Tal
Yiwom
►
Kofyar-Mushere-Chip (5)
►
Cakfem-Mushere
Chakfem
Mushere
►
Kofyaric (3)
Jakattoe
Nteng
►
Pan
►
Bwal-Goram
Bwall
Gworam
Jibyal
Jipal
Kofyar-Doemak
Kwagallak
Mernyang
►
Miship
Doka (Nigeria)
►
Mwaghavul
Mupun
Panyam
Takas
►
Ngas
Hill Angas
Plain Angas
►
West Chadic A.4 (8)
►
Fyer-Tambas (2)
Fyer
Tambas
►
Ronic (6)
►
Kulere
Kamwai-Marhai
Richa
Tof
Mangar
►
Mundat-Karfa (2)
Duhwa
Mindat
►
Ron
Bokkos
Daffo-Butura
Sya
►
West Chadic B (38)
►
West Chadic B.1 (5)
Duwai
►
Ngizim-Southwestern Bade (4)
Ngizim
►
Shira-Southwestern Bade (3)
►
Bade
Northern Bade
Southern Bade
Western Bade
►
Shira (2)
Auyokawa
Teshenawa
►
West Chadic B.2 (10)
Diri
►
Nuclear West Chadic B.2 (9)
►
Central West Chadic B.2 (3)
►
Miya
Demshin
Faishang
Federe
Fursum
►
Warji-Gala-Kariya (2)
Kariya
►
Warji-Gala
Gala
Warji
Ciwogai
Mburku
►
Western West Chadic B.2 (3)
Ajawa
Pa'a
Siri
Zumbun
►
West Chadic B.3 (23)
►
South Bauchi East (8)
►
Boghomic (3)
Boghom
►
Kir-Mangas (2)
Kir-Balar
Mangas
►
Guruntumic (5)
►
Guruntum-Mbaaru
Dooka
Gar
Gayar
Karakara
Kuuku
Lungu
Mbaaru
►
Jimi (Nigeria)
Zumo
►
Tala-Sho-Zangwal (3)
Ju
►
Tala-Zamwar (2)
Tala
Zangwal
►
South Bauchi West (15)
►
Northwest South Bauchi (7)
►
Gejic (2)
Bu (Zaranda)
►
Gyaazi
Bolu
Geji
Pelu
►
Polci-Luri (5)
Luri
►
Polcic (4)
Buli (Bauchi State)
Pesse
►
Zulic (2)
►
Dir-Nyamzak-Mbarimi
Baram
Dir
Langas
Zul
►
Southwest South Bauchi (8)
►
Dass
Durr-Baraza
Wandi
Zodi
Zumbul
►
Zakse-Saya (3)
Dyarim
►
Saya
Sigidi
►
Zaar
Gambar Zaar
Kal
Lere (Sayanci)
Lusa
Zakshi
►
Zari
Boto
Kopti
►
Zeemic (4)
Dokshi
►
Nuclear Zeemic (3)
Chaari
Tulai
Zeem
►
Cushitic (46)
►
Agaw (4)
►
Awngi
Dega
Kunfäl
Kwolla
►
Northern-Eastern-Western Agaw (3)
►
Northeastern Agaw (2)
Bilin
►
Xamtanga
Khamir
►
Transitional Eastern Agaw
Kailina
Semen Agaw
►
Qimant
Dembiya
Falasha
Kimant
Qwara
►
Beja
Ababda
Amara (Beja)
Beni-Amir
Bisharin
Hadareb
Hadendoa
►
East Cushitic (35)
Dahalo
►
Highland East Cushitic (7)
Burji
►
Sidaama-Hadiyya-Kambaata (6)
►
Hadiyya-Kambaata (4)
►
Hadiyyaic (2)
►
Hadiyya
Leemo
Soro
Libido
►
Kambaataic (2)
Alaba-K'abeena
►
Kambaata
Qebena
Tambaro
Timbaro
►
Sidaama-Gedeo (2)
Gedeo
Sidamo
►
Lowland East Cushitic (26)
►
Saho-Afar (2)
►
Afar
Aussa
Baadu
Central Afar
Northern Afar
►
Saho
►
Central Saho
Dabrimeela
Minifire
►
Northern Saho
Assaorta
Tharuuca
►
Southern Saho
Irob
Xazo
►
Southern Lowland East Cushitic (24)
►
Mainstream Lowland East Cushitic (21)
►
Omo-Tana (13)
►
Eastern Omo-Tana (10)
►
Baiso-Jiiddu (2)
Baiso
Jiiddu
►
Dabarre-Tunni (2)
►
Dabarre
Iroole
Nuclear Dabarre
Tunni
Girirra
►
Karre-Boni (2)
►
Aweer
Kilii
►
Nuclear Aweer
Baddey Aweer
►
South Aweer
Bireeri Aweer
►
Central Aweer
Jara Aweer
Kijee Aweer
Safaree Aweer
Garre
►
Maay
Af-Helledi
Rendille
►
Somali
Af-Ashraaf
Benaadir
Degodia
Northern Somali
Ogaden
►
Western Omo-Tana (3)
Arbore
Daasanach
El Molo
►
Oromoid (8)
►
Konsoid (3)
►
Gidole-Bussa (2)
Bussa
Dirasha
Konso
►
Nuclear Oromo (5)
►
Central-Eastern Oromo (4)
►
Central Oromo (2)
►
Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo
Arsi
►
Borana
Yaabelloo
Gabra
Guji
Kereyu
Sakuye
Salale
►
Orma
Munyo
Nuclear Orma
Orma (Kenya)
►
South-East-North Oromo (2)
►
Eastern Oromo
Barentu
►
Northern Oromo
Raya
Wolo
Waata
►
West Central Oromo
Mecha
Tulema
Western Oromo
►
Transversal Lowland East Cushitic (3)
►
Dullay (2)
►
Ale-Gawwada
Dihina
Gergere
Gobeze
Gollango
Gorose
Harso
Tsamai
Yaaku
►
Unclassified East Cushitic (1)
Boon
►
South Cushitic (6)
Aasax
►
Greater West Rift South Cushitic (5)
Kw'adza
►
West Rift South Cushitic (4)
Burunge
►
Northern West Rift South Cushitic (3)
Alagwa
►
Iraqwoid (2)
Gorowa
►
Iraqw
Asa
►
Egyptian (2)
►
Coptic
Bohairic
►
Middle Egypt
Fayyumic
Oxyrhynchite
Old Coptic
►
Upper Egyptian
Akhmimic
Lycopolitan
Sahidic
►
Egyptian (Ancient)
Archaic Egyptian
Demotic Egyptian
Late Egyptian
Middle Egyptian
Old Egyptian
►
Semitic (96)
►
East Semitic (2)
►
Akkadian
►
Assyrian
Middle Assyrian
Neo-Assyrian
Old Assyrian
►
Diyala-Babylonian
Early Babylonian
Late Babylonian
Middle Babylonian
Neo-Babylonian
Old Babylonian
Old Akkadian
Eblaite
►
Unclassified Semitic (1)
Amorite
►
West Semitic (93)
►
Central Semitic (71)
►
Arabian (38)
►
Ancient North Arabian
Dadanitic
Dumaitic
Hasaitic
Hismaic
Safaitic
Taymanitic
►
Arabic (37)
►
Arabian Peninsula Arabic (11)
Hadrami Arabic
►
Hijazi Arabic
Coastal Tihaamah
North Hijazi
South Hijazi
Valley Tihaamah
►
Judeo-Muslim Sanaani Arabic (2)
►
Judeo-Yemeni Arabic
'Aden
Beda
Habban
San'a
Sanaani Arabic
►
North Arabian Beduin Arabic (6)
Baharna Arabic
►
Dhofaric (2)
Dhofari Arabic
Ru'us al-Jibal
►
Gulf Arabic
Al-Hasâ
Al-Hasaa
Bahraini Gulf Arabic
Khamseh
Kuwaiti Hadari Arabic
North Qatari Arabic
South Qatari Arabic
Zubair-Faau Arabic
►
Najdi Arabic
►
Central Najdi
Anizah of the Syrian desert
Arid-Washm-Sudair
Central Bedouin Najdi
North Najdi
Qasim-Dhafir
►
South Najdi
al-Murrah-Ajman
Najran-Ghatan
Omani Arabic
►
Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic
Adeni
Ta'izzi
►
Eastern Arabic (6)
►
Central Asian Arabic (3)
►
Tajiki Arabic
Balkh Arabic
Buxara Arabic
►
Xorasan-Qashqa-Darya Arabic (2)
►
Khorasan Arabic
Arabkhane
Khamse
Sarakhs
Zir Kuh
►
Qashqa-Darya Arabic
Djeinau
Qamashi
►
Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic
Anatolian Cluster
Euphrates Cluster
Kawliya
Tigris Cluster
►
Qeltu (2)
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
►
North Mesopotamian Arabic
►
Anatolian Qeltu
Diyarbakir
Kozluk-Sason-Mush
►
Mardinic
Azex
Kosa-Mhallami
Mardin Plains
Mardin Town
Mardin Villages
Mosul Arabic
Siirt
Euphrat Qeltu
Tigris Qeltu
►
Egyptic Arabic (7)
►
Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
Northeast Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
North Levantine Bedawi Arabic
Nuclear Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
South Levantine Bedawi Arabic
►
Egypto-Sudanic Arabic (6)
►
Egyptian Arabic
Cairene Arabic
Central Delta Nile Arabic
►
Eastern Egyptian Arabic
Central-Northern-Eastern Šarqiyya
Northern frontier ilŠarqiyya-Parts of idDaqahliyya
Southwestern frontier ilŠarqiyya-Southern parts of idDaqahliyya-Southeastern parts of the centre of the Delta
Helebi
►
Northeast Nile Delta Arabic
Daqahliyya-Eastern Kr. išŠēx-Parts of Ġarbiyya
Manzala
►
Western Nile Delta Arabic
Biḥēra-Western Minufiyya-Western Ġarbiyya-Parts of Gīze
Burullus
Eastern Biḥēra-Kafr išŠēx-Parts of Ġarbiyya
Far Western Minufiyya
►
Saidi Arabic
Asyūṭ–Gina
Gina–Assuan
►
Northern Middle Egypt Arabic
South Bani Swēf–ilMinya
South Gize-North Bani Swēf-ilFayyūm
Southern Minya
►
Upper Egypt Arabic
Asyūṭ–Luxor
Bʿēri
Esna–Assuan and South of Luxor–Assuan
Nagʿ Ḥammādi–South of Gina
Western Desert Egyptian Arabic
►
Sudanese-Chadian Arabic (4)
►
Chadian Arabic
Batha
Chari-Baguirmi
►
East Sudanic Arabic (3)
Nubi
South Sudanese Creole Arabic
►
Sudanese Arabic
Ja'ali
Khartoum
North Kordofan Arabic
Shukri
Western Sudanese
►
Levantine-Cypriot Arabic (2)
Cypriot Arabic
►
Levantine Arabic
Aleppo
Beqaa Arabic
Cilicia-Antioch Arabic
Iqlim-Al-Kharrub Sunni Arabic
Jdaideh Arabic
North-Central Lebanese Arabic
North Lebanese Arabic
Saida Sunni Arabic
South-Central Lebanese Arabic
South Lebanese Arabic
►
South Levantine Arabic
Fellahi
Madani
Standard Lebanese Arabic
Sunni Beiruti Arabic
►
North African Arabic (10)
►
Algerian Arabic
Algiers
Constantine
Oran
Algerian Saharan Arabic
Hassaniyya
►
Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
Kjal
Wqal
Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
►
Libyan Arabic
Eastern Libyan Arabic
Southern Libyan Arabic
Tripolitanian Arabic
Western Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
►
Malta-Tunisian Arabic (2)
►
Maltese
Gozo
Port Maltese
Rural Central Maltese
Rural East Maltese
Rural West Maltese
Standard Maltese
Zurrieq
►
Tunisian Arabic
►
Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
Alger Judeo-Arabic
Tunis Judeo-Arabic
North-Western Tunisian
Sahil
Sfax
South-Eastern Tunisian
South-Western Tunisian
Tunis (Tunisian Arabic)
►
Moroccan-Andalusian Arabic (2)
Andalusian Arabic
►
Moroccan Arabic
Fez. Meknes
Jebli
Marrakech
Oujda
Rabat-Casablanca Arabic
Southern Morocco Arabic
Tangier
►
Standard Arabic
Classical Arabic
Siculo Arabic
►
Northwest Semitic (27)
►
Aramaic (21)
►
Imperial-Middle-Modern Aramaic (20)
Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)
►
Middle-Modern Aramaic (19)
►
Eastern Aramaic (16)
►
Central Eastern Aramaic (13)
►
Bohtan (2)
Gardabani Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
►
Hertevin
Hértevin Proper
Jinet
Umraya
►
North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (9)
►
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
►
Central Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Anhar
Mar Bishu
Nochiya
Tergawar
Iranian Koine
►
Northern Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Baz
Dez
Gavar (Aramaic)
Jilu
Qudshanis
Salamas
Upper Barwari
Van (Aramaic)
►
Sapna cluster
Aradhin
Benatha
Daudiya
Inishke
Tina
►
Urmian group
Sipurghan
Solduz
Urmi
►
Western Group
Christian Tiyare Neo-Aramaic
Lewin
Lower Barwari
Tal (Aramaic)
Tkhuma
►
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
►
Christian Neo-Aramaic East of Zab
Erbil (Arbel) Christian Neo-Aramaic
►
Sulemaniyya-Sanandaj Christian Neo-Aramaic
Senaya
Sulemaniyya Christian Neo-Aramaic
►
Christian Neo-Aramaic West of Zab
Christian Dihok Neo-Aramaic
Christian Mangesh Neo-Aramaic
Christian Shirnak-Chizre Neo-Aramaic
Christian Zakho Neo-Aramaic
►
Mosul Plain Christian Neo-Aramaic
Christian Alqosh
Christian Baretla
Christian Qaraqosh
Christian Telkepe
Christian Tisqopa
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (ca. 200-1200 CE)
►
Northwestern Jewish Neo-Aramaic (2)
►
Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Barzan
Bijil
Sandu
Shahe
►
Lishana Deni
Amadiya Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Atrush Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Barashe Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Bétanure Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Challa Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Cizre Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Dohuk Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Nerwa Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Shukho Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Zakho (Lishana Deni)
►
Trans-Zab (4)
►
Hulaulá
Jewish Sanandaj
Kerend
Saqiz
Suleimaniya Jewish Neo-Aramaic
►
Lishán Didán
►
Northern Cluster Lishán Didán
Anatolia
Salmas
►
Southern Cluster Lishán Didán
Mahabad
Naghada
Ushno
►
Western Trans-Zab (2)
Koy Sanjaq Jewish Neo-Aramaic
►
Lishanid Noshan
►
Eastern cluster Lishanid Noshan
►
Northeastern Lishanid Noshan
Rustaqa
Rwanduz
►
Southeastern Lishanid Noshan
Koy Sanjaq
Qaladze
Ranye
Shaqlawa
►
Western cluster Lishanid Noshan
Arbel
Dobe
►
Turoyo-Mlahso (2)
Mlahsô
►
Turoyo
Anhil
Iwardo
Kfarze
Midin
Midyat
Raite
►
Classical Syriac
Eastern Syriac
Western Syriac
►
Macro-Mandaic (2)
Classical Mandaic
►
Neo-Mandaic
Ahwaz
Iraqi Neo-Mandaic
Shushtar
►
Middle Aramaic
Dead Sea-New Testament Aramaic
Hatran
Nabatean
Palmyrene
►
Western Aramaic (2)
►
Late Palestinian Aramaic
Christian Palestinian Aramaic
Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
►
Samaritan-Galilean Aramaic
Galilean Aramaic
Samaritan Aramaic
►
Western Neo-Aramaic
Bakh'a
Jub-'adin
Maaloula
►
Old Aramaic-Sam'alian
Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)
Sam'alian
►
Canaanite (6)
►
Hebrewic (3)
►
Ancient Hebrew
Ammonite
Biblical Hebrew
Edomite
Moabite
►
Modern Hebrew
Oriental Hebrew
Standard Hebrew
Samaritan
►
Ugarito-Phoenician (3)
►
Phoenician-Punic (2)
Phoenician
►
Punic
Neo-Punic
Ugaritic
►
Sayhadic (6)
Hadrami
Minaean
►
Modern Sayhadic (2)
Faifi
Jabal Razih
Qatabanian
Sabaic
►
Ethiosemitic (16)
Geez
►
South Ethiopic (12)
►
Amharic-Argobba (2)
►
Amharic
Addis Ababa
Gojjam Amharic
Gondar Amharic
Shoa Amharic
Wollo Amharic
Argobba
►
Harari-East Gurage (4)
Harari
►
Silte-Wolane (2)
Silt'e
Wolane
Zay
►
Outer South Ethiopic (6)
►
N-Group (2)
Gafat
►
Kistane
Dobbi
Galila (Lake Wonchi)
Soddo
►
TT-Group (4)
Mesqan
►
Peripheral Western Gurage (2)
►
Inoric
Endegegny
Ener
Gyeta
Inor
Mesmes
►
Sebat Bet Gurage
Chaha
Ezha
Gumer
Gura (Semitic)
Muher
►
Tigre-Dahalik (2)
Dahalik
►
Tigre
►
Central Tigre
Bet-Guk
Mansa'
►
North-Western Tigre
3Ad-Tekles
'Algaden
Beni-3Amer Tigre
Habab Tigre
Marya Qayah
Marya Sallam
►
South-Eastern Tigre
Genda3
Mashalit
Massawa
Zula Tigre
►
Tigrinya
Northern Tigrinya
Southern Tigrinya
►
Modern South Arabian (6)
►
Eastern MSA (2)
►
Jibbali
Central Jibbali
Kuria Muria
Western Jibbali
►
Soqotri
'Abd Al-Kuri
Central Soqotri
►
Northern Soqotri
North Central Soqotri
Northwest Central Soqotri
Southern Soqotri
Western Soqotri
►
Hobyot-Western MSA (4)
Hobyót
►
Western MSA (3)
Bathari
Harsusi
►
Mehri
Nagdi
►
Yemeni Mehri
Eastern Yemeni Mehri
Western Yemeni Mehri
Subclassification references
Barreteau, Daniel and Dieu, Michel 2000
Richard Gravina 2014
Tourneux, Henry 2003
Comments on subclassification
Richard Gravina 2014
: 60-61
Glottocode:
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