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Family:
Ghera-Gurgula
Classification
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Indo-European (586)
►
Anatolian (10)
Hittite
►
Luvo-Lydian (9)
►
Luvo-Palaic (8)
►
Luvic (7)
►
Luvian (2)
Cuneiform Luwian
Hieroglyphic Luwian
►
Lyco-Carian (4)
►
Lyco-Sidetic (2)
Lycian A
Sidetic
►
Milyan-Carian (2)
Carian
Milyan
►
Unclassified Luvic (1)
Pisidian
Palaic
Lydian
▼
Classical Indo-European (573)
►
Albanian (4)
►
Albanian-Tosk (3)
►
Northern Tosk Albanian
Cham Tosk
Eastern Northern Tosk
Lab Tosk
Western Northern Tosk
►
Southern Tosk (2)
►
Arbëreshë Albanian
Calabrian Albanian
Campo Marino Albanian
Central Mountain Albanian
Sicilian Albanian
►
Arvanitika Albanian
Northwestern Arvanitika
South Central Arvanitika
Thracian Arvanitika
►
Gheg Albanian
Central Gheg
Northeast Gheg
►
Northwest Gheg
Arbanasi
Istra Albanian
Srem
Southern Gheg
►
Armenic (3)
►
Classical-Middle Armenian
Classical Armenian
Middle Armenian
►
Eastern-Western Armenian (2)
►
Eastern Armenian
►
Agulis-Meghri
Agulis
Meghri
►
Ararat
►
Ardvin-Tbilisi
Artvin
Tbilisi
Ashkharik
Astrakhan Armenian
Bayazet
Djugha
Erevan
►
Gharabagh-Shamakhi
Aresh-Havarik
Burdur
Dzhulfa (Azerbaijan)
Gharabagh
Jolfâ (Iran)
Kazakh-Kirovabad
Krzen
Mehtishen
Shamakhi (Armenian)
Khoy-Maragha
►
Western Armenian
►
Antioch
Beylan
Kesab-Svedia
Artial
►
Asia Minor
Akn
Arabkir
Aslanbeck
Ayntab
Constantinople Armenian
Crimea-Nor-Nakhichevan
Eudokia
Karin
Kesaria
Kessab-Latakia-Jisr-al-Shughur
Kharberd-Erznkad
Kyurin
Malatya
Marzvan-Amasia
North Komedia
Rodosto
Sebastia
Shapin-Karahisar
Sivrihisar
Smyrna Armenian
Syolyoz
Trabzon
Bolu (Armenian)
►
Hamshenic
Edesa Armenian
Hamshen
►
Kilikien
Hajin
Marash-Zeytun
►
Mush-Tigranakert
Mush
Sasun
Talverik-Motkan
Tigranakert
Stanoz
►
Vanic
Diadin
Van
Yozgat
►
Balto-Slavic (23)
►
Eastern Baltic (2)
►
Latvian
Curonian
East Latvian
►
Low Latvian
Standard Latvian
Tamian
Zemgalian
►
Lithuanian
►
Aukshtaitish
Dzukish
East Aukštaitian
Suvalkietiskai
Old Lithuanian
►
Samogitian
North Samogitian
South Samogitian
West Samogitian
►
Old Prussian
Altpreussisch
Sudovian
West Galindian
►
Slavic (20)
►
East Slavic (5)
►
Belarusian
Central Belarusan
Northeast Belarusan
Southwest Belarusan
Old Russian
►
Russian
Central Russian
Kodiak Creole Russian
Ninilchik
►
North Russian
Novgorod North Russian
Olonets
Pomor
Vladimir-Volga
Vologda-Kirov
►
South Russian
Doukhobor
Lipovan
Molokan
Nuclear South Russian
►
Ukrainian-Rusyn (2)
►
Rusyn
►
Carpatho-Rusyn
Lemko
Prešov
Transcarpathian Rusyn
Pannonian Ruthenian
►
Ukrainian
East Ukrainian
►
Northwest Ukrainian
Central Polesian
Eastern Polesian
Western Polesian
Southwest Ukrainian
►
South Slavic (7)
►
Eastern South Slavic (3)
Church Slavic
►
Macedo-Bulgarian (2)
►
Bulgarian
Anatolian Bulgarian
►
Eastern Bulgarian
►
Balkan Bulgarian
Central Balkan Bulgarian
Eastern Balkan Bulgarian
Western Balkan Bulgarian
Bassarabian Bulgarian
Moesian
►
Rup
Central Rup
►
Eastern Rup
Banat Bulgarian
Paulician
Pomak
Western Rup
Transylvanian Bulgarian
Wallachian Bulgarian
►
Western Bulgarian
Northwestern Bulgarian
Pirin-Malashevo
Southwestern Bulgarian
Transitional Bulgarian
►
Macedonian
►
Eastern and Southern Macedonian
Eastern Macedonian
Southeastern Macedonian
Southwestern Macedonian
►
Northern Macedonian
►
Eastern Northern Macedonian
Kratovo
Kriva Palanka
Kumanovo
Ovce Pole
►
Western Northern Macedonian
Gora (Serbian-Macedonian)
Skopska Crna Gora
Tetovo
►
Western Macedonian
Central Western Macedonian
Western and Northwestern Macedonian
►
Western South Slavic (4)
►
Kajkavian
Rubni Kajkavian
Srednishnji Kajkavian
►
Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian
►
Chakavski
Burgenland Croatian
Nuclear Chakavian
►
Shtokavski
►
New Shtokavian
Bunjevac
Eastern Bosnian Shtokavian
►
Eastern Herzegovinian Shtokavian
Bosnian Standard
Croatian Standard
Montenegrin Standard
Serbian Standard
Karashevski
Kosovo-Resava
Prizren-South Morava
Slavonian Shtokavian
Smederevo-Vršac
Šumadija-Vojvodina
Timok
Užican
Zeta-Raška
Old Shtokavian
Slavomolisano
►
Slovenian
Carinthia
Lower Carniola
Prekmurski
Primorski
Resia
Stajerski
Upper Carniola
►
West Slavic (8)
►
Czech-Slovak (2)
►
Czech
►
Bohemia-West Moravia
Central Bohemian
Northeast Bohemian
Southwest Bohemian
Czecho-Moravian
Hanak
Lach
Old Czech
West Judeo-Slavic
Zaolzie
Slovak
►
Lechitic (4)
►
Kashubian
Kashubian Proper
Slovincian
Polabian
►
Polish-Silesian (2)
►
Polish
Great Poland
Little Poland
Old Polish
Silesian
►
Sorbian (2)
►
Lower Sorbian
►
Eastern Lower Sorbian
Muskau
Schleife
Western Lower Sorbian
►
Upper Sorbian
►
Eastern Upper Sorbian
Bautzen
Heath
►
Western Upper Sorbian
Kamenz
Wittichenau
►
Celtic (15)
Celtiberian
►
Nuclear Celtic (14)
►
Cisalpine Celtic (2)
Cisalpine Gaulish
Lepontic
►
Core Celtic (12)
►
Continental Transalpine Celtic (3)
Transalpine Gaulish
►
Unclassified Continental Transalpine Celtic (2)
Galatian
Noric
►
Insular Celtic (9)
►
Brythonic (5)
►
Old-Modern Welsh (2)
►
Old-Middle Welsh
Middle Welsh
Old Welsh
►
Welsh
Northern Welsh
Patagonian Welsh
Southern Welsh
►
Southwestern Brythonic (3)
►
Middle-Modern Southwestern Brythonic (2)
►
Breton
Cornouaillais
Leonais
Middle Breton
Old Breton
Tregorrois
Vannetais
►
Cornish
Middle Cornish
Modern Cornish
Old Cornish
►
Goidelic (4)
►
Early Irish
Archaic Irish (7th century)
Early Goidelic (to 4th century)
Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic
Middle Irish (10-12th century)
Old Irish (8-9th century)
Primitive Irish (4-6th century)
►
Modern Goidelic (3)
►
Eastern Goidelic (2)
Manx
►
Scottish Gaelic
Church Gaelic
East Sutherlandshire
►
Irish
Connacht
Donegal
Munster-Leinster
►
Germanic (106)
►
East Germanic (2)
Crimean Gothic
►
Gothic
Ostrogoth
Vandal
Visigoth
►
Northwest Germanic (104)
►
North Germanic (14)
►
North Scandinavian (7)
►
Archaic Gutnish
Färömål
Laumål
►
East-Central Swedic (4)
►
Dalecarlian
►
Österdalarna
►
Nedansiljan
Ål
Bingsjö
Bjursås
Boda
Djura
Gagnef
Leksand
Mockfjärd
Rättvik
Siljansnäs
►
Ovansiljan
►
Elfdalian
Åsen
Blyberg
Evetsberg
►
Moramål
Bonäs
Färnäs
Norra Venjan
Ore
Östnor
Södra Venjan
Sollerömål
Vika
►
Orsamål
Hansjö
Skattungbyn
Våmhus
►
Västerdalarna
►
Nedre Västerdalmål
Äppelbo
Floda
Järna
Nås
►
Övre Västerdalmål
Lima (Västerdalmål)
Malung
Transtrand
►
East Swedic (3)
►
Archaic Finnish Swedish
Åland Islands Swedish
Nyland Swedish
Österbotten
Southwest Finland Swedish
Estonian Swedish
►
Swedish
Götamål
Old Swedish
Standard Swedish
Sveamål
►
Narrow North Scandinavian (2)
►
Archaic Norrlandic
Ångermanländska
Kalixmål
Lulemål
Nordvästerbottniska
Pitemål
Sydvästerbottniska
Jamtska
►
South Scandinavian (3)
►
Danish
Eastern Funen
Eastern Zealand
Old Danish
Southern Funen Islands
Southern Islands Danish
Southern Zealand
Western Funen
Western Zealand
►
East Danish
Blekingska
Bornholmska
Halländska
Skånska
Jutish
►
West Scandinavian (4)
►
Icelandic-Faroese (2)
Faroese
Icelandic
►
Norwegian
Nordnorsk
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
Østnorsk
Trøndersk
Vestnorsk
►
Old Norse
Old East Norse
Old Norn
Old West Norse
Older Runic
►
West Germanic (89)
►
High German (24)
►
Middle German (10)
►
East Middle German (4)
►
Central East Middle German
►
High East Prussian
Breslauisch
Oberländisch
Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch
►
Thuringian
Central Thuringian
East Thuringian
Ilm Thuringian
Northeast Thuringian
North Thuringian
Southeast Thuringian
West Thuringian
►
Upper Saxon
►
North Upper Saxon
Anhaltisch
►
Meissnisch
Nordmeissnisch
Ostmeissnisch
Westmeissnisch
Osterländisch
Westlausitzisch
►
South Upper Saxon
Nordwestböhmisch
Osterzgebirgisch
Südmeissnisch
Vorerzgebirgisch
Vorvogtländisch
Westerzgebirgisch
Westlich Nordböhmisch
►
Schlesisch-Wilmesau (3)
►
Eastern Yiddish
Czech Yiddish
►
Nuclear Eastern Yiddish
►
Mideastern Yiddish
Lodz Yiddish
Poylish
Western Galician Yiddish
►
Northeastern Yiddish
Litvish
Northern Ukraine Yiddish
►
Southeastern Yiddish
Bessarabian Yiddish
Ukrainish
►
Lower Silesian
Gebirgsschlesische
Mittelschlesische
Neiderländische
Nordostböhmische
Old Zipser
Südostschlesische
Westschlesische
Wymysorys
►
West Middle German (6)
►
Middle Franconian (3)
►
Moselle Franconian
►
East Moselle Franconian
Saarlouis-Koblenz
Westerwäldisch
►
Hessian
Nordhessisch
Osthessisch
Zentralhessisch
►
West Moselle Franconian
►
Luxemburgic
Luxemburgish
Saarburg-Prüm
Thionville-Merzig
Transylvanian Saxon
Trierish
►
Ripuarian (2)
►
Kölsch
East Ripuarian
West Ripuarian
►
Limburgan
Getelands
►
Nordniederfränkisch
Kleverländisch
Ostbergisch
Ost-Limburgisch
Südniederfränkisch
Südost-Limburgisch
West-Limburgisch
Zentral-Limburgisch
►
Rhenish Franconian (3)
Hunsrik
►
Palatinate (2)
►
Pennsylvania German
Amish Pennsylvania German
Non-Amish Pennsylvania German
►
Pfaelzisch-Lothringisch
Lothringisch
Nordpfälzisch
Ostpfälzisch
Südhessisch
Südreinfränkisch
Vorderpfälzisch
Westpfälzisch
►
Upper German (14)
►
Middle-Modern High German (13)
Middle High German
►
Modern High German (12)
►
Alemannic (4)
►
North Alemannic (2)
Colonia Tovar German
Swabian
►
South Alemannic (2)
►
Central Alemannic
►
High Alemannic
Alsace High Alemannic
Bernese
Fribourg German
Graubenden-Grisons
Liechtensteinisch
Lower Wallis
Luzern German
Obwald
St. Gallen
Vorarlbergisch
Zürich German
►
Low Alemannic
Alsace Low Alemannic
Basel German
Lake Constance Alemannic
Schwarzwald Low Alemannic
Upper-Rhine Alemannic
Walser
►
Bairisch (4)
►
Bavarian
►
Central Bavarian
►
East Central Bavarian
Lower Austria-Vienna Bavarian
►
Upper Austria Bavarian
Hausruckviertel
Transylvanian Landler
West Central Bavarian
North Bavarian
►
South Bavarian
Carinthian Bavarian
Gottscheerisch
Tyrol Bavarian
►
Global South Bavarian (3)
►
Cimbrian
Lusernese Cimbrian
Sette Comuni Cimbrian
Tredici Communi Cimbrian
Hutterite German
►
Mòcheno
Fierozzo
Frassilongo
Palù
►
Upper Franconian (4)
►
Global German (2)
►
German
Berlin German
Hannover German
Mansfeld German
Unserdeutsch
►
Greater East Franconian (2)
►
Ostfränkisch
Ansbacher-Neustädter-Coburger Franconian
►
Lower East Franconian
Henneberg Franconian
Mid-North Lower East Franconian
Southwest Lower East Franconian
Würzburger Franconian
►
Upper East Franconian
Hof-Bayreuther
Nailaer
Obermain
Regnitz
Vogtlandish
►
Western Yiddish
Midwestern Yiddish
Northwestern Yiddish
Southwestern Yiddish
Old High German (ca. 750-1050)
►
Macro-Dutch (12)
►
Middle-Modern Dutch (11)
Middle Dutch
►
Modern Dutch (10)
►
Global Dutch (5)
►
Afrikaansic (2)
►
Afrikaans
Cape Afrikaans
East Cape Afrikaans
Orange River Afrikaans
Oorlams
►
Dutch
►
Central Northern Dutch
South Guelderish
►
South Hollandish
Bildts
Nuclear South Hollandish
Town Frisian
Utrechts
►
Central Southern Dutch
Antwerps
►
Brabants
East Brabants
►
South Brabants
Antwerp Brabants
Brusseleir
West Brabants
Oost-Vlaams
North Hollandish
Javindo
Petjo
►
Southwestern Dutch (5)
►
Western Flemish
►
Frans-Westhoek Vlaams
Frans Vlaams
Westhoek
►
Westvlaams
Continental West Flemish
Northern Maritime West Flemish
Western Maritime West Flemish
►
Zeeuwic (4)
Berbice Creole Dutch
Skepi Creole Dutch
Virgin Islands Dutch Creole
►
Zeeuws
Axels
Bevelands
Duvelands
Flakkees
Fluplands
Goerees
Kezands
Schouws
Walchers
►
Old Dutch-Old Frankish
Old Dutch
Old Frankish
►
North Sea Germanic (53)
►
Altsächsisch (8)
►
Middle-Modern Low German (7)
►
Low German (6)
►
Greater East Low German (2)
►
Eastern Low German
►
Märkisch
Mittelmärkisch
Nordmärkisch
Südmärkisch
►
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Mecklenburgish
Strelitzsch
Voorpommerisch
Mittelpommersch
Niederprussisch
►
Plautdietsch
Am Trakt-Alexandertal
►
Nehrung
Chortitza
►
Manitoban Chortitza
Belize Plautdietsch
►
Chihuahua-Kansas Plautdietsch
Chihuahua Plautdietsch
Kansas Plautdietsch
Manitoba Plautdietsch
Menno Plautdietsch
Santa Cruz Plautdietsch
Texas Plautdietsch
►
Werder
Molotschna
►
Übersee Molotschna
Fernheim Plautdietsch
Neuland Plautdietsch
Rio Grande do Sol Plautdietsch
Santa Catarian Plautdietsch
West Siberian Plautdietsch
►
West Low German (4)
►
Eastphalian
Elbeostfälisch
Göttingen-Grubenhagensch
Heideostfälisch
Kernostfälisch
►
North Low Saxon (2)
►
German Northern Low Saxon
Dithmarsch
East Frisian Low Saxon
Emsländisch
Holsteinisch
North Hanoveranian
Oldenburgisch
Schleswigsch
►
Gronings
Groningen-East Frisian
Veenkoloniaals
Westerwolds
West Groningen
►
Westphalic
Achterhoeks
►
Drents
North Drente
South Drente
Münsterlandisch
Ostwestfalisch
Sallands
Stellingwerfs
Südwestfalisch
Twents
Urkers
►
Veluws
East Veluws
North Veluws
Westmünsterlandisch
Middle Low German
Old Saxon
►
Anglo-Frisian (45)
►
Anglic (38)
►
Later Anglic (37)
►
Middle-Modern English (36)
►
Irish Anglo-Norman
Fingallian
Yola
►
Macro-English (34)
►
English
►
Australic English
Australian English
Australian Vernacular English
Cameroon English
►
Fiji English
Acrolectal Fiji English
Pure Fiji English
Ghanaian English
Hong Kong English
Indian English
►
Irish English
►
Southern Irish English
North-West Irish English
South-West Irish English
West Irish English
Ulster English
Jamaican English
Kenyan English
Malaysian English
Maltese English
New Zealand English
Nigerian English
►
North American English
►
Canadian English
Atlantic Provinces English
Northern Canadian English
Southern Canadian English
►
Eastern New England English
Boston English
Providence English
New York City English
North Central American English
►
Northern North American English
Inland North English
St. Louis Corridor English
Western New England English
Philippine English
►
Southeast American English
Florida English
Mid-Atlantic American English
►
Midland American English
Cincinnati English
St. Louis English
►
Southern American English
►
African American Vernacular English
Earlier African American Vernacular English
Liberian Settler English
Rural African American Vernacular English
Urban African American Vernacular English
►
American Inland South English
Appalachian English
Ozark English
Bahamian English
Charleston English
Lumbee English
Texas South English
►
Western American English
Chicano English
New Mexican English
Nuclear Western American English
Western Pennsylvania English
►
Northern English
Lower Northern English
Northumberland English
Palmerston Island English
Pakistani English
Singlish
►
South-Central English
►
Central English
►
Eastern Central English
Leicestershire English
Lincolnshire English
South Yorkshire English
►
Western Central English
Lancashire English
Manx English
Staffordshire English
►
Southern English
►
Southeastern English
►
Central-East Southeastern English
Essex
Northamptonshire-Cambridgeshire
Eastern Counties Southeastern English
►
Southwestern English
Eastern Southwestern English
Falkland Islands English
Mid-South Welsh English
Northern Southwestern English
North-West Welsh English
►
Southeastern Southwestern English
Berkshire
►
Lower Southeastern Southwestern English
Kent-Surrey
Sussex
Welsh English
►
Western Southwestern English
Channel Islands English
Dorset-Somerset
►
East Cornwall-Devon
Devon
East Cornwall
Newfoundland English
Wiltshire-Hampshire
►
Southern African English
Black South African English
Cape Flats English
Indian South African English
St. Helena English
Tristan da Cunha English
White South African English
White Zimbabwean English
Sri Lankan English
Tanzanian English
Ugandan English
►
Guinea Coast Creole English (26)
►
Caribbean English Creole (17)
►
Eastern Caribbean Creole (12)
►
Barbados-Eustatius (4)
►
Barbados-Trinidad (3)
Bajan
Guyanese Creole English
Trinidadian Creole English
Virgin Islands Creole English
►
Gullah-Nevis-Antigua (5)
Antigua and Barbuda Creole English
►
Gullah (4)
Afro-Seminole Creole
►
Bahamian Gullah (2)
Bahamas Creole English
Turks And Caicos Creole English
Sea Island Creole English
►
Vincent-Grenadian Creole (3)
►
Grenada-Tobago Creole (2)
Grenadian Creole English
Tobagonian Creole English
Vincentian Creole English
►
Western Caribbean Creole (5)
►
Jamaicanic (2)
►
Jamaican Creole English
Basilectal Jamaican Creole
British Creole
Limonese Creole
►
Miskitoic Creole English (3)
►
Belize-Miskito Creole English (2)
Belize Kriol English
Nicaragua Creole English
San Andres Creole English
►
Surinamese Creole English (4)
►
Eastern Maroons (3)
►
Ndyuka (2)
►
Aukan
Aluku
Paramaccan
Kwinti
Sranan Tongo
►
Saramaccan
Matawai
Nuclear Saramaccan
►
West African Creole English (5)
►
Coastal Nigerian Krio (3)
Ghanaian Pidgin English
►
Nigeria-Cameroon Creole English (2)
Cameroon Pidgin
Nigerian Pidgin
►
Krio
Gambian Krio
Sierra Leone Krio
Pichi
►
Pacific Creole English (6)
►
Early Melanesian Pidgin (4)
Bislama
Pijin
Tok Pisin
►
Torres Strait-Lockhart River Creole
Lockhart River Creole
Torres Strait Creole
Hawai'i Creole English
Kriol
Pitcairn-Norfolk
Middle English
►
Scots
►
Insular Scots
►
Orcadian Scots
Bungee
Orkney Scots
Shetland Scots
►
Mid Scots
Eastern Mid Scots
Southern Mid Scots
Ulster
Western Mid Scots
►
Northern Scots
Mid Northern Scots
North Northern Scots
South Northern Scots
►
Southern Scots
East Dumfries Scots
Mid Dumfries Scots
Roxburgh Scots
Selkirk Scots
►
Old English (ca. 450-1100)
►
Anglian
Mercian
Northumbrian
Kentish
West Saxon
►
Frisian (7)
►
Ems-Weser Frisian
Ems Frisian
Weser Frisian
►
Modern West Frisian (4)
Hindeloopen-Molkwerum Frisian
Schiermonnikoog Frisian
►
Westlauwers-Terschelling Frisian (2)
►
Terschelling Frisian
Oosterend
West-Terschelling
►
Western Frisian
Klaaifrysk
Súdhoeksk
Wâldfrysk
►
Northern Frisian
►
Insular Northern Frisian
►
Föhr-Amrum
Amrum
►
Ferring
Aasdring
Weesdring
Helgoland
Sölreng
►
Mainland Northern Frisian
►
Bökingharde
Ostermooring
Westermooring
Hallingen
Karrharde
Norder-Mittelgoesharde
Wiedingharde
Old Frisian
►
Graeco-Phrygian (13)
►
Greek (12)
►
North Greek (2)
►
Ancient North Greek
Aeolic
►
West Ancient Greek
Doric
Northwestern Ancient Greek
►
Tsakonian
Northern Tsakonian
Propontis Tsakonian
Southern Tsakonian
►
South Greek (10)
►
Achaean Greek
Arcado-Cypriot
Mycenaean Greek
►
Central Greek (9)
►
Ionic-Attic Ancient Greek
Attic
Central Ionic
Eastern Ionic
Western Ionic
►
Koineic Greek (8)
Medieval Greek
►
Modern Koineic Greek (7)
►
Apulia-Calabrian Greek
Apulian Greek
Aspromonte
Cypriot Greek
►
Nuclear Modern Greek (2)
►
Modern Greek
Dimotiki
Katharevousa
►
Maniot-Cargese Greek
Cargese
Maniot Greek
Mariupol Greek
Middle Greek
►
Northern Greek
Epirote
Macedonian Greek
Rumelian
Saracatsan
Thessalian
Thracian Greek
►
Southern Greek
Constantinople Greek
►
Cretan-Cycladian
Cretan
Cycladian
Dodecanese
Himariote Greek
►
Ionian-Peleponnesian-Attic
Athens
Ionian Islands
Northern Epirus
Peloponnese
►
Southern Euboea
Aegina
Megara
Smyrna Greek
Romano-Greek
►
Pontic-Cappadocian Greek (2)
►
Cappadocian Greek
Pharasa
Sille
Western Cappadocian
►
Pontic
►
Eastern Pontic Greek
Inland Pontic Greek
►
Muslim Pontic Greek
Of
Sürmene
Tonya
Niotika
Yevanic
►
Phrygian
Mysian
▼
Indo-Iranian (321)
▼
Indo-Aryan (220)
►
Chitral Kalasha
Eastern Chitral Kalasha
►
Northwest Chitral Kalasha
Birir-Jinjiret
Rumbur-Bumboret
Southern Chitral Kalasha
Dameli
►
Gawarbatic (3)
Gawar-Bati
►
Shumashtic (2)
►
Grangali-Ningalami
Grangali
Ningalami
Shumashti
►
Khowar
East Khowar
North Khowar
South Khowar
Swat Khowar
▼
Middle-Modern Indo-Aryan (209)
▼
Continental Indo-Aryan (168)
►
Indo-Aryan Eastern zone (29)
►
Halbic (5)
Bhatri
Bhunjia
►
Halbi
Adkuri
Bastari
Bhunjia (Halbi)
Chandari
Gachikolo
Kawari
Mehari
Muri
Sundi
Kamar
Nahari
►
Oriya-Gauda-Kamrupa (24)
►
Gauda-Kamrupa (18)
►
Gauda-Banga (13)
►
Bengali
Central Bengali
Chain
►
Ganda (Bengali)
Barik
Bhatiari
Chirmar
Musselmani
Samaria
Saraki
►
Northern Bengali
Kachari-Bengali
Koch (Northern Bengali)
Rajshahi
Siripuria
Vanga
►
Bishnupriya Manipuri
Madai Gang
Rajar Gang
►
Eastern Bengali (2)
Hajong
Sylheti
Kharia Thar
Lodhi
Mar Paharia of Dumka
Rohingya
►
Southeastern Bengali (4)
Chakma
Chittagonian
►
Noakhali
Feni (Noakhali)
Hatia islands
Maijdi
Tangchangya
►
Unclassified Gauda-Banga (1)
Kurmukar
►
Kamrupa (5)
►
Eastern Kamrupa (2)
►
Assamese
Jharwa
Mayang
Standard Assamese
Western Assamese
Naga Pidgin
►
Kamta (3)
►
Central-Eastern Kamta
Bahe
Kamta (India)
Rangpuri (Bangladesh)
►
Western Kamta (2)
Rajbanshi
Surjapuri
►
Macro-Oriya (6)
Bodo Parja
Kotia-Adivasi Oriya-Desiya
Kupia
►
Odia
Halbi (Nuclear Oriya)
Midnapore Oriya
Mughalbandi
North Balasore Oriya
Northwestern Oriya
Southern Oriya
Western Oriya
Reli
Sambalpuri
►
Indo-Aryan Northwestern zone (19)
Paisaci Prakrit
►
Sindhi-Lahnda (18)
►
Greater Panjabic (9)
►
Eastern Panjabic (2)
►
Eastern Panjabi
Bhattiyani
Doabi
Ludhianwi
Majhi (Panjabi)
Malwa
Patialwi
Powadhi
Rathi (Panjabi)
►
Sansi
Sochi
►
Hindko-Siraiki (4)
►
Hindko (2)
►
Northern Hindko
Kaghani
Tinauli
►
Southern Hindko
Attock Hindko
Avankari Hindko
Ghebi
Kohat Hindko
►
Western Hindko
Peshawar Hindko
Rural Peshawar Hindko
►
Siraikic (2)
Inku
►
Saraiki
Bahawalpuri
►
Central Siraiki
Derawali
Multani
Jhangi
Sindhi Siraiki
Thali
►
Paharic (2)
►
Pahari Potwari
Chibhali
Mirpur Panjabi
Pahari
Pothwari
►
Punchic
Punchhi
Shah-Mansuri
Zaghloli
Zirak-Boli
►
Sirajic
Rambani
Siraji of Doda
►
Western Panjabi
Dhanni
Jatki
Shahpuri
►
Sindhic (9)
►
Khetrani
Balochistani Khetrani
Jafri
►
Lasi-Jadgali (2)
Jadgali
Lasi
►
Sindhi-Kachchi (2)
►
Kachchi
Jadeji
►
Sindhi
Bhatia
Dukslinu
Kayasthi
Lari (Sindhi)
Macharia
Sindhi Musalmani
Thareli
Thari
Viccholi
►
Unclassified Sindhic (4)
Kholosi
Luwati
Memoni
►
Sindhi Bhil
Badin
Mohrano
Nuclear Sindhi Bhil
Sindhi Meghwar
►
Indo-Aryan Southern zone (10)
Maharastri Prakrit
►
Marathic (9)
►
Katkari
Central Katkari
Northern Katkari
Southern Katkari
►
Marathi-Konkani (8)
►
Goan Konkani
►
Northern Konkani
Bardes-Tiswadi Christian Konkani
►
Goa Hindu Konkani
Brahman Goa Hindu Konkani
Gaudde Goa Hindu Konkani
Karnataka Christian Konkani
►
Southern Konkani
Saxtti-Murmugao Christian Konkani
Southern Saraswat Brahman Konkani
►
Old-Modern Marathi (7)
►
Modern Marathi (6)
►
Dungar Varli
Dogri Varli
Nihiri Varli
►
Marathi
Andh
Bijapuri
Deccan Marathi
Kalvadi
Samvedi
►
Varhadi-Nagpuri
Brahmani
Govari
Jhadpi
Katia
Kosti
Kunban
Kunbi
Mahari
Marheti
Natakani
Raipur
►
Western Marathi (2)
►
Konkan Marathi
Agari of Kolaba
Bhandari
Chitpavani
Daldi
Dhanagari
Ghati
Karhadi
Kiristav
Koli (Konkani)
Kudali
Kunbis of Poona
Mahari (Konkani)
Parabhi
Sangamesvari
Thakuri
Phudagi
Old Marathi
▼
Midlands Indo-Aryan (110)
►
Apabhramsic (30)
►
Gujarati-Rajasthani (29)
►
Gujaratic (7)
Dubli
►
Gujarati
Gamadia
Kakari
Kathiyawadi
Kharwa
Standard Gujarati
Tarimuki
►
Saurashtra
Northern Saurashtra
Southern Saurashtra
►
Western Gujaratic (4)
►
Aer
Jamesabad Aer
Jikrio Goth Aer
►
Kachi Koli
Kachi
Kachi Bhil
Katai Meghwar
Rabari
Vagri
Zalavaria Koli
Vaghri
►
Wadiyara Koli
Hasoria Bhil
Hasoria Koli
Mewasi
Nairya Koli
Nuclear Wadiyara Koli
Rardro Bhil
Tharadari Bhil
Tharadari Koli
►
Rajasthani (22)
►
Bagri-Jandavra (2)
►
Bagri
Bagri of Haryana
Bagri of Rajasthan
Vishnoi
Jandavra
►
Eastern Rajasthani (2)
Dhundari
►
Hadothi
Harauti
Sipari
Merwari
►
Mewaric (3)
Gade Lohar
►
Kanjari
Kuchbandhi
►
Mewari
Gorawati
Khairari
Sarwari
►
Mewati-Gojri (5)
►
Godwari
Balvi
Khuni
Madahaddi
Sirohi
►
Gujari
Ajiri of Hazara
Bakarwali
Eastern Gujari
Gujjari
Western Gujari
►
Marwari (India)
Barmeri
Mewati
Parya
►
Shekhawati
Jhunjhunu-Churu
Sikar
►
Unclassified Rajasthani (1)
Kabutra
►
Western Rajasthani (7)
Bhaya
Goaria
►
Indus Rajasthani (4)
►
Dhatki
Barage
Central Dhatki
Eastern Dhatki
Malhi
Southern Dhatki
►
Marwari (Pakistan)
Marwari Bhat
Marwari Bhil
Marwari Meghwar
Northern Marwari
Southern Marwari
Od
Parkari Koli
►
Lambadi
Andhra Pradesh Lamani
Karnataka Lamani
Maharashtra Lamani
Late Middle Indo-Aryan
►
Bhil (22)
Bauria
►
Bhili
Ahiri
Anarya
Bhilodi
Bhim
Charani
Davar Varli
Habura
Konkani (Bhili)
Kotali
Magra Ki Boli
Nahari (Bhili)
Naikdi
Panchali
Patelia
Ranawat
Rani Bhil
Siyalgir
Chodri
Dhodia-Kukna
Dungra Bhil
Gamit
►
Garasia Bhil (2)
Adiwasi Garasia
Rajput Garasia
►
Malvi
Bachadi
Bhoyari
Dholewari
Hoshangabad
Jamral
Katiyai
Malvi Proper
Patvi
Rajawadi
Rangari (Malvi)
Rangri
Sondhwadi
Ujjaini
Umadwadi
►
Mawchi
Gamti
Nuclear Mawchi
Padvi
►
Nimadi
Bhuani
►
Pardhi
Neelishikari
Pittala Bhasha
Takari
►
Pauri-Nahali (4)
►
Bhilali
Parya Bhilali
Nahali-Baglani
Pauri Bareli
Rathwi Bareli
►
Rathawi-Palya (2)
Palya Bareli
Rathawi
Vaagri Booli
►
Vasave-Noiri (2)
►
Noiri
Barutiya
►
Vasavi
Ambodi
Dehvali
Dogri (Vasavi)
Khatalia
Kotni
►
Wagdi
Adivasi Wagdi
Kherwara
Sagwara
►
Indo-Aryan Northern zone (5)
►
Central Pahari (2)
►
Garhwali
Badhani
Bangani
Bhattiani
Chandpuri
Dessaulya
Gangadi
Jaunpuri
Lohbya
Majh-Kumaiya
Nagpuriya
Parvati
Rathi
Ravai
Salani
Srinagaria
Tehri
►
Kumaoni
Central Kumauni
Northeastern Kumauni
Southeastern Kumauni
Western Kumauni
►
Eastern Pahari (3)
Dotyali
►
Jumli
Assi
Chaudhabis
Paachsai
Sinja
►
Nepali
Acchami
Baitadi
Bajhangi
Bajurali
Darjula
Doteli
Gorkhali
Nuclear Nepali
Soradi
►
Khandesic (2)
Dhanki
►
Khandesi
Dangri
Kotali Bhil
Kundi (Khandesi)
Nuclear Khandesi
Rangari
▼
Shaurasenic (51)
►
Bihari (24)
►
Magadhan (9)
Angika
►
Bhojpuric (2)
►
Bhojpuri
Bhojpuri Tharu
Bojpury
Domra
Madhesi
Mauritian Bhojpuri
Musahari
►
Northern Standard Bhojpuri
Basti
Gorakhpuri
Sarawaria
Southern Standard Bhojpuri
Teli
Tharu (Bhojpuri)
►
Western Standard Bhojpuri
Benarsi
Purbi
►
Caribbean Hindustani
Sarnami Hindustani
Trinidad Bhojpuri
►
Magahi
Central Magahi
Northern Magahi
Southern Magahi
►
Maithili
Bajjika
Bantar
Barei
Barmeli
Central Colloquial Maithili
Dehati
Eastern Maithili
Jolaha
Kawar
Kyabrat
Makrana
Musar (Maithili)
Sadri (Maithili)
Southern Standard Maithili
Standard Maithili
Tati (Maithili)
Western Maithili
►
Sadanic (4)
Kudmali
►
Sadri-Panchpargania (3)
►
India-Nepal-Bangladesh Sadri (2)
►
Oraon Sadri
Borail Sadri
Mokkan Tila Sadri
Nurpur Sadri
Uchai Sadri
►
Sadri
Common Sadri
Kisan
Lower Sadri
Panchpargania
►
Pali
Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
Magadhan Pali
►
Tharuic (9)
►
Eastern Tharu (5)
Chitwania Tharu
►
Dangaura-Khuna-Sonaha (2)
►
Dangaura Tharu
Banke
Bardiya
Dang
Deokhuri
Kailali
Kanchanpur
Surkhet
Sonha
Kathoriya Tharu
►
Kochila Tharu
Dhanusa
Mahottari
Morangia
Morangiya
Saptari
Sarlahi
Siraha
Sunsari (Nepal)
Udayapur
Rana Tharu
►
Unclassified Tharu (3)
Buksa
Majhi
►
Musasa
Bantar (Nepal)
►
Unclassified Bihari (5)
Kumhali
►
Kuswaric (4)
Bote
Darai
►
Dewas-Done Danuwar
Dewas Rai
Done Danuwar
►
Kochariya-East Danuwar
East Danuwar
Kochariya
►
Eastern Hindi (4)
►
Awadhic (2)
►
Awadhi
►
Central Awadhi
Bahraich
Barabanki
Rae Bareli
►
Eastern Awadhi
Azamgarhi
Gangapari
Mirzapuri
Uttari
►
Western Awadhi
Fatehpur
Kheri
Lucknow
Sitapur
Unnao
►
Bagheli
Banapari
Gahore
Godwani
Ojhi
Sonpari
Tirhari
►
Chhattisgarhi
Baigani
Bhulia
Binjhwari
Chhattisgarhi Proper
Kalanga (Indo-European)
Kavardi
Khairagarhi
Sadri Korwa
Surgujia
►
Powari
Bhoyar Powari
Govari of Seoni
Khalari
Koshti
Kumbhari
Lodhi (Indo-European)
Marari
Vyneganga Powari
▼
Indo-Aryan Central zone (22)
►
Domaaki
Hunza Domaaki
Nager Domaaki
►
Domari
►
Northern Domari
Dom of Beirut
Dom of Syria
Karachi
Kurbat of Western Iran
Marashi
►
Southern Domari
Jerusalem Domari
Jordanian Domari
►
Romani (9)
►
Anglo-Northwestern Romani (4)
►
British Romani (2)
Archaic Angloromani
Welsh Romani
►
Northwestern Romani (2)
►
Kalo Finnish Romani
Kaale
Lajenge Roma
►
Sinte-Manus Romani
►
Gadschkene
Praistiki
►
Western Gadschkene
Eftawagaria
Witembergaria
Lallere
Manouche
Sastike
►
Southern Sinti
Abbruzzesi
Estracharia
►
Lombard-Venetian Sinti
Kranaria
Krantiki
Piedmont Sintí
►
Balkan Romani
Abruzzese-Calabrian-Molisean Romani
►
Arli-Dolenjski
Arlija
Slovenian-Croatian Romani
Crimean Rom
►
Drindari–Kalajdži–Bugurdži
Bugurdži
Drindari
Kalajdži
Erli of Sofia
Prilep-Prizren-Serres
Pyrgos-Peloponnese Romani
Romacilikanes
Romano
Rumelian Romani
Sepečides
Serres-Saint Athanasios
Ursári
Zargari
►
Baltic Romani
Chuxny
Eastern Latvia-Lithuanian Romani
North Russian Romani
Polish Romani
White Russian Romani
►
Caló
Brazilian Calão
Catalonian Calo
Galician Calo
Portuguese Calão
Spanish Caló
►
Central Romani
Gurvari
►
North Central Romani
Bohemian Romani
East Slovakian Romani
Galician Romani
Moravian Romani
North Transylvanian Romani
West Slovakian Romani
►
South Central Romani
Romungro
►
Vend
Burgenland Romani
Prekmurje Romani
Western Hungarian Vend
►
Vlax Romani
►
Northern Vlax
Cerhari
Churari
Ghagar of Egypt
Kalderash
Lovari
Machvano
Southeastern Ukraine Vlax
►
Southern Vlax
►
Gurbet-Dzambazi
North Albanian Vlax
Serbo-Bosnian Vlax
South Albanian Vlax
Xoraxane
Kalpazea-Filipidzía-Xandurja
►
Valachia-Muntenia-Northeastern Bulgaria
Sedentary Bulgaria
Sedentary Romania
▼
Western Hindi (11)
►
Braj
Antarbedi
Bhuksa
Braj Bhasha
Dangi
Jadobafi
Sikarwari
►
Bundeli-Bharia (2)
Bhariati
►
Bundeli
Aligarh
Banaphari
Bhadauri
Chhatapur
Chhindwara Bundeli
Gaoli
Khatola
Kirari
Kundri
Lodhanti
Nagpuri Hindi
Nibhatta
Pawari
Raghobansi
Southern Bharatpur
Southern Morena
Standard Braj of Bulandshahr
Standard Braj of Eastern Agra
Standard Braj of Mathura
Standard Bundeli
Tirhari (Bundeli)
Western Agra
►
Haryanvi
Bangru (Haryanvi)
Deswali
Kauravi
Mewati (Haryanvi)
►
Hindustani (4)
Andaman Creole Hindi
Fiji Hindi
►
Hindi
Dakhini
Khari Boli
Literary Hindi
Nuclear Hindi
Rekhta
►
Urdu
Dakhini (Urdu)
Judeo-Urdu
Pinjari
►
Kanauji
Kanauji Proper
Tirhari (Kanauji)
Transitional Kanauji
▼
Unclassified Western Hindi (2)
▼
Ghera-Gurgula (2)
Ghera
Gurgula
Sauraseni Prakrit
►
Dhivehi-Sinhala (3)
Dhivehi
►
Sinhalaic (2)
►
Sinhala
Rodiya
Veddah
►
Eastern Dardic (38)
Gandhari
►
Himachali (18)
Jaunsari
►
Kangric-Chamealic-Bhattiyali (11)
►
Chamealic (9)
►
Bhadrawahi-Bhalesi-Curahi (4)
►
Bhadarwahic (3)
►
Bhadrawahi
Bhalesi
Padar
Padari
►
Chinali-Lahul Lohar (2)
Chinali
Lahul Lohar
Churahi
Bhattiyali
Bilaspuri
►
Chambeali
Bansbali
Bansyari
Gadi Chameali
►
Gaddi
Bharmauri
Macleod Ganj
Pangwali
►
Kangri-Dogri (2)
►
Dogri
Bhatbali
East Dogri
Kandiali
North Dogri
Nuclear Dogri
►
Kangri
Hamirpuri
Palampuri
Mandeali
►
Nuclear Himachali (5)
Hinduri
Indo-Aryan Kinnauri
►
Kullu Pahari
Inner Siraji
Kullui
►
Mahasu Pahari
►
Lower Mahasu Pahari
Baghati
Baghliani
Kiunthali
►
Upper Mahasu Pahari
Outer Siraji
Rampuri
Rohruri
Shimla Siraji
Sodochi
►
Sirmauri
Dharthi
Giripari
►
Kashmiric (2)
►
Kashmiri
Kamraz
Kishtwari
Maraz
Miraski
Poguli
►
Vamraz
Bunjwali
Standard Kashmiri
Khah
►
Nuclear Eastern Dardic (17)
►
Kohistani (9)
►
Dir-Swat Kohistani (2)
►
Gawri
Dashwa
Kalam (Pakistan)
Lamuti
Rajkoti
Thal
Ushu
►
Torwali
Bahrain
Chail
►
Indus Kohistanic (5)
►
Indus Kohistani
Duber-Kandia
Indus
►
Outer Indus Kohistani (4)
►
Bateri-Mankiyali (2)
Bateri
Mankiyali
Chilisso
Gowro
►
Unclassified Kohistani (1)
Tirahi
Wotapuri-Katarqalai
►
Shinaic (8)
Brokskat
►
Kohistanic Shina (2)
►
Kohistani Shina
Jalkoti
Kolai
Palasi
Ushojo
Kundal Shahi
►
Shina
►
Astori
Astor
Dras
Gurezi
Kharmangi
Satpara
►
Chilasi Kohistani
Chilas
Darel
Harban
Sazin
Tangir
►
Gilgiti
Bagrote
Bunji
Gilgit
Haramosh
Hunza-Nagar
Punial
Rondu
►
Western Shinaic (3)
►
Dangari (2)
Kalkoti
►
Palula
Ashreti
►
Northern Palula
Biori
Kalkatak
Purigal
Sauji
►
Pashayi (4)
►
Eastern Pashayi (2)
►
Northeast Pashayi
Aret
Chalas
Kandak
Kurangal
Kurdar
►
Southeast Pashayi
Alingar
Darrai Nur
Kunar (Southeast Pashayi)
Laghman
Wegal
►
Western Pashayi (2)
►
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Southwestern Logudorese
South Lucanian
Old Latin
►
Sabellic (3)
►
Old Sabellic
Pre-Samnite
Sabine
South Picene
►
Oscan
Hernican
Marrucinian
Nuclear Oscan
Paelignian
Vestinian
►
Umbrian
Aequian
Marsian
Nuclear Umbrian
Volscian
►
Unclassified Italic (1)
Lusitanian
Venetic
►
Tokharian (2)
Tokharian A
Tokharian B
►
Unclassified Indo-European (3)
Dacian
Messapic
Thracian
Comments on subclassification
Tariq Rahman 2006
Glottocode:
gher1240
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Tariq Rahman 2006
Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan
2006
34
overview
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cldf
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degruyter
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