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Dialect:
Bua (Indonesia)
Classification
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Austronesian (1275)
►
Atayalic (2)
►
Atayal
►
Northern Atayal
Matu'uwal
►
Nuclear Northern Atayal
Skikun
Squliq
►
Southern Atayal
►
Nuclear Southern Atayal
Klesan
Matu'aw
S'uli
Plnagawan
►
Seediq
Tekedaya
Teruku
Te'uda
►
Bunun
►
Central Bunun
Takbanuaz
Takivatan
Isbukun
►
North Bunun
Takibakha
Takituduh
►
East Formosan (6)
►
Central East Formosan (2)
►
Amis
Central Amis
Northern Amis
Southern Amis
Tavalong-Vataan
Sakizaya
►
Northern East Formosan (3)
►
Basay
Linaw-Qauqaut
Trobiawan
►
Kavalan
Kareovan
Ketangalan
►
Sirayaic
Lamai
Makatao
Pangsoia-Dolatok
Siraya
Taivoan
▼
Malayo-Polynesian (1254)
►
Aru (14)
►
Batuley-Mariri (2)
Batuley
Mariri
►
Central Aru (5)
►
Dobel-Koba (2)
►
Dobel
Northern Dobel
Southeast Dobel
Straits Dobel
►
Koba
Southeast Koba
►
Lola
Nuclear Lola
Warabal
Lorang
Manombai
East Tarangan
►
Karey-Barakai (2)
►
Barakai
Mesiang
Nuclear Barakai
Karey
►
Ujir-Kola-Kompane (3)
►
Kola-Kompane (2)
Kola
Kompane
Ujir
►
West Tarangan
North Central Tarangan
Southwestern Tarangan
►
Ati
Barotac Viejo Nagpana
Malay (Ati)
►
Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa (3)
►
Balinese
Highland Bali
Lowland Bali
Nusa Penida
►
Sasak-Sumbawa (2)
►
Sasak
Kuto-Kute
Meno-Mene
Mriak-Mriku
Ngeno-Ngene
Ngeto-Ngete
Sumbawa
►
Basap-Greater Barito (37)
►
Basap
Karangan-Sangkulirang-Bengalon
Lesan-Inaran
Mangkalihat
Tabalar-Talisayan
►
Greater Barito linkage (36)
►
Barito-Mahakam (2)
Ampanang
►
Tunjung
Nuclear Tunjung
Pahu
Tunjung Linggang
Tunjung Londong
Dusun Deyah
►
Dusun Malang
Bayan
Nuclear Dusun Malang
►
North East Greater Barito (2)
►
Lawangan
Ajuh
Bakoi
Bantian
Banuwang
Bawu
Benua
Kali
Karau
Lawa (Lawangan)
Lolang
Mantararen
Njumit
Pasir
Purai
Purung
Tuwang
Tawoyan
►
North West Greater Barito (3)
Kohin
►
Ot Danum
Dohoi
Kadorih
Ot Balawan
Ot Banu'u
Ot Murung 1
Ot Olang
Ot Tuhup
Sarawai
Sebaung
Ulu Ai'
►
Siang
Murung 2
Nuclear Siang
►
Sama-Bajaw (9)
Inabaknon
►
Sulu-Borneo (7)
►
Borneo Coast Bajaw (3)
►
Indonesian Bajau
Jampea
Jaya Bakti
Kajoa
Matalaang
Poso
Roti
Same'
Sulamu
Togian 1
Togian 2
Wallace
Mapun
►
West Coast Bajau
Banggi
Kawang
Kota Belud
Papar (West Coast Bajau)
Pitas Bajau
Putatan
Sandakan Bajau
►
Inner Sulu Sama (3)
►
Balangingi
Daongdung
Kabinga'an
Lutangan
Nuclear Balangingi
Sibuco-Vitali
Sibuguey
►
Central Sama
Dilaut-Badjao
►
Southern Sama
Bajau Banaran
Bajau Darat
Bajau Laut
Bajau Semporna
Balimbing
Bongao
Laminusa
Languyan
Obian
Sama (Malaysia-Philippines)
Sapa-Sapa
Sibutu'
Sikubung
Simunul
Sitangkai
Tandubas
Ubian
Pangutaran Sama
Yakan
►
Southeast Barito (16)
►
Dusun Witu
Dusun Pepas
Nuclear Dusun Witu
►
Maanyan-Paku (2)
►
Ma'anyan
Dusun Balangan
Samihim
Sihong
Paku
►
Malagasic (13)
►
North-Central Malagasic (6)
►
Central-Eastern Malagasic (2)
►
Plateau Malagasy
Antaimoro
Antambohoaka
Betsileo
Bezanozano
Merina
Sihanaka
Tañala
Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
►
Kibosy Kiantalaotsy-Majunga
Kiantalaotse
Majunga
►
Northern Malagasic (3)
►
Antankarana Malagasy
Kibushi-Kimaore
Mainland Antankarana
►
Tsimihety-Betsimisaraka (2)
Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
Tsimihety Malagasy
►
Southwestern Malagasic (7)
►
South West-Central Malagasic (6)
►
Nuclear South West-Central Malagasic (5)
►
Inland-Western Malagasic (4)
►
Bara-Tanosy (2)
Bara Malagasy
Tanosy Malagasy
►
Western Malagasic (2)
►
Masikoro Malagasy
Masikoro-Miary
Mikea
Vezo
West Malagasy Sakalava
►
Mahafaly-Antanalana Malagasy
Antanalana
Mahafaly
►
Tesaka Malagasy
Antaisaka
Zafisoro
Tandroy Malagasy
►
South West Greater Barito (2)
►
Bakumpai
Mengkatip
Nuclear Bakumpai
►
Ngaju
Ba'amang
Mantangai
Pulopetak
►
Batanic (3)
►
Ibatan
Babuyan
Basco Ivatan
Southern Ivatan
►
Yami-Itbayat (2)
Itbayat
Yami
►
Bilic (5)
Giangan
►
Tboli-Blaan (3)
►
Blaan (2)
Koronadal Blaan
Sarangani Blaan
►
Tboli
Central Tboli
Southern Tboli
Western Tboli
Tiruray
►
Bima-Lembata (42)
►
Bima
Donggo
Kolo (Indonesia)
Mbojo
Nuclear Bima
Toloweri
►
Flores-Lembata (14)
Kedang
►
Lamaholot Barat (7)
Alorese
►
Flores Lamaholot (3)
►
Lamaholot
►
Ile Mandiri
►
East Lamaholot
Baipito
►
Lewolema-Waibalun
Lewolema
Waibalun
►
West Lamaholot
►
Lewolaga-Bama
Bama Lamaholot
Lewolaga
Tanjung Bunga
Ritaebang
Lewotobi
Pukaunu
►
North Lembata-Adonara (2)
►
Adonara
Botun
►
East Adonara
Dulhi
Kiwangona
►
East Solor
Lamakera
Watan
►
West Adonara
Horowura
Waiwadan
►
Ile Ape
North Ile Ape
South Ile Ape
►
Peripheral Lembata
►
Kawela
Belang
Wuakerong
►
Lebatukan
Lamahora
Merdeka
►
South Coast Lembata
Lamalera
Mulan
►
Lamaholot Tengah (3)
►
Southeast Lembata (2)
►
Central Lembata-Lewokukun
►
Central Lembata
Kalikasa
Lewuka
Lewokukun
Eastern Atadei
►
West Lembata
►
Labalekan
Imulolo
Lewopenutu
Lewotala
Mingar
►
Lamaholot Timur (2)
Lamatuka
Lewo Eleng
►
Sika
Sara Krowe
Sikka Natar
Tana Ai
►
Flores-Sumba-Hawu (26)
►
Flores Barat (15)
►
Central Flores-Paluqe (8)
►
Central Flores (7)
►
Eastern Central Flores (4)
►
Ende-Lio (2)
►
Ende
Maukauro
Nangapanda
►
Li'o
Eastern Li'o
Western Li'o
►
Nage-Keo (2)
Kéo
►
Nage
Central Nage
Eastern Nage
Nga'o
►
Ngada (3)
►
Namut-Nginamanu
Namut
Nginamanu
►
Ngad'a
Bajawa
Central Ngada
Eastern Ngad'a
South Ngada
Rongga
Palu'e
►
Manggaraiic (7)
Kepo'
Komodo
►
Manggarai Khusus (2)
►
Manggarai
Central Manggarai
Eastern Manggarai
West-Central Manggarai
Western Manggarai
►
Riung
Lengkosambi Dialect
Nggolombay Dialect
Nggolonio
►
Rembong-Wangka
Rembong
Wangka
►
Waerana-Razong (2)
Kolor
Rajong
►
Sumba-Hawu (11)
►
Hawu-Dhao (2)
Dhao
►
Hawu
Liae
Mesara
Raijua
Seba (Indonesia)
Timu
►
Sumba (9)
►
Central-East Sumbanese (5)
►
Central Sumbanese (3)
Anakalang
►
Baliledu-Buawa
Baliledu
Pondok
►
Wanukaka
Nuclear Wanukaka
Rua
►
Kambera
Kanatang
Lewa
Mangili-Waijelo
Melolo
Nuclear Kambera
Southern Sumba
Umbu Ratu Nggai
Mamboru
►
Kodi-Gaura (2)
Garo (Sumba)
►
Kodi
Kodi Bangedo
Kodi Bokol
►
Wewewa-Laboya (2)
Lamboya
►
Wewewa
Lauli
►
Laura
Mbukambero
Nuclear Laura
Tana Righu
Ve Luri
Wai Bangga
Weyewa
Sangar
►
Celebic (60)
►
Greater Eastern Celebic (43)
►
Eastern Celebic (35)
►
Saluan-Banggai (8)
►
Eastern Saluan-Banggai (2)
Balantak
►
Banggai
East Banggai
West Banggai
►
Taliaboic (2)
Kadai
►
Taliabu
Mananga
Mangei
Padang (Taliabu)
►
Western Saluan-Banggai (4)
Andio
►
Saluanic (3)
►
Batui-Saluan (2)
Batui
Saluan
Bobongko
►
Southeastern Celebic (27)
►
Bungku-Tolaki (15)
►
Eastern Bungku-Tolaki (8)
►
East Coast Bungku-Tolaki (7)
Bahonsuai
►
Bungku
Landawe
Nuclear Bungku
Routa
Torete
Tulambatu
Waia (Bungku)
Koroni
Kulisusu
►
Mori Bawah
Karonsie
Nahina
Petasia
Soroako
Tambe'e
Taloki
►
Wawonii
Menui
Nuclear Wawonii
►
Moronene
Kabaena
►
Wita Ea
Poleang
Rumbia
►
Western Bungku-Tolaki (7)
►
Interior Bungku-Tolaki (3)
►
Mori Atas
Aikoa
Padoe
Tomadino
►
West Coast Bungku-Tolaki (4)
Kodeoha
Rahambuu
►
Tolaki
Asera
Konawe
Konio
Laiwui
Mekongga
Norio
Tamboki
Wiwirano
►
Waru
Lalomerui
Nuclear Waru
►
Muna-Buton (12)
►
Nuclear Muna-Buton (9)
►
Butonic (3)
►
Cia-Cia
Kaesabu
Masiri
Sampolawa
►
Wabula
Burangasi
Holimombo
Kondowa
Nuclear Wabula
Takimpo
Wali
►
East Buton (2)
Kumbewaha
Lasalimu
►
Munan (6)
Busoa
►
Munic (5)
►
Kaimbulawa
Kambe-Kambero
Lantoi
►
Western Munic (4)
►
Kioko
Kambowa
Nuclear Kioko
Liabuku
►
Muna
►
Gulamas
Burukene
Gu
Kadatua
Kalia-Lia
Katobengke
Lakudo
Laompo
Lawama
Lawela
Lowu-Lowu
Mawasangka
Salaa
Topa
Wale-Ale
Siompu
►
Standard Muna
Kabawo
Katobu
Lawa (Standard Muna)
Tobea Besar
Tungkuno
Tiworo
►
Pancana
Kalende
Kapontori
Labuandiri
►
Tukangbesi-Bonerate (3)
►
Bonerate
Karompa
Nuclear Bonerate
►
Tukang Besi (2)
►
Tukang Besi North
Kaledupa
Wanci
►
Tukang Besi South
Binongko
Tomea
►
Tominic (8)
►
Northern Tomini (3)
Dondo
►
Lauje
Ampibabo
Tomini
►
Southern Tomini (5)
Balaesang
Dampelas
Pendau
Taje
Tajio
►
Kaili-Wolio (17)
►
Northern Kaili-Wolio (12)
►
Greater Kaili (7)
►
Common Kaili (4)
Baras
►
Da'a Kaili
Da'a
Inde
►
Ledo Kaili
Ado
Doi (Indonesia)
Edo
Ija
Ledo
Rai (Ledo Kaili)
Raio
Taa (Indonesia)
Tado (Ledo Kaili)
Tara
Unde Kaili
►
Kulawi (2)
Moma
►
Tado-Lindu
Linduan
Tado
Sedoa
►
Pamona-Tombelala (2)
►
Pamona
Ampana-Togian
Laiwonu
Lake Poso
Lalaeo
Poso-Tojo
Pu'u Mboto
Rapangkaka
Sinohoan
Tobau
Tokondindi
Topada
Tombelala
Topoiyo
►
Uma-Sarudu (2)
►
Sarudu
Kulu
Nunu'
►
Uma
Bana (Austronesian)
Benggaulu
Kantewu
Southern Uma
Tobaku
Tolee'
Winatu
►
Southern Kaili-Wolio (5)
►
Island Kaili-Wolio (4)
►
Kalao-Laiyolo (2)
Kalao
►
Laiyolo
Barang-Barang
Nuclear Laiyolo
►
Wolio-Kamaru (2)
Kamaru
Wolio
Wotu
►
Central Luzon (10)
Hatang Kayi
Pampanga
►
Sambalic (8)
►
Abellen-Botolan (2)
Abenlen Ayta
►
Botolan Sambal
Ayta Hambali
Sambali Botolan
Ambala Ayta
Bataan Ayta
►
Mag-Ayta (2)
Mag-Anchi Ayta
Mag-Indi Ayta
►
Tina-Bolinao (2)
Bolinao
►
Tinà Sambal
Iba
Masinloc
Santa Cruz (Tina Sambal)
►
Central Timor (4)
►
Kemak-Tukudede (2)
►
Kemak
Nogo
Nuclear Kemak
►
Tukudede
Keha
Nuclear Tukudede
►
Mambae
Damata
Lolei
Mambai (East Timor)
Manua
►
Welaun
Leohito
Raiulun
►
Chamorro
Nuclear Chamorro
Rotanese Chamorro
►
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (565)
►
Oceanic (523)
►
Admiralty Islands (31)
►
Eastern Admiralty Islands (27)
►
Manus (22)
►
East Manus (11)
Andra-Hus
►
Koro-Lele-Nali-Titan (4)
►
Lele (Papua New Guinea)
Sabon
►
Manus Koro
Lopohan
Papitalai
►
Nali
Okro
Titan
►
Kurti-Kele-Ere (4)
Ere
Kele (Papua New Guinea)
►
Kurti-Elu (2)
Elu
Kurti
Leipon
Ponam
►
Mokoreng-Loniu (2)
Loniu
Mokerang
►
Pak-Tong
Pak
Tong
►
West Manus (8)
►
West Manus I (4)
Bipi
Hermit
►
Nyindrou
Babon
►
Sori-Harengan
Harengan
Sori
►
West Manus II (4)
►
Likum-Levei (2)
►
Khehek
Bucho
Drehet
Levei
Likum
Mondropolon
►
Tulu-Bohuai
Bohuai
Keli
Tulu (Papua New Guinea)
►
South-East Admiralty (5)
Lenkau
►
Lou-Paluai (2)
►
Lou
Rei
►
Paluai
Baluan
Pam
Nauna
Penchal
►
Western Admiralty Islands (4)
►
Anchorite (2)
Kaniet
Kaniet-Dempwolff
Seimat
►
Wuvulu-Aua
Aua
Wuvulu
►
Central Pacific linkage (46)
Rotuman
►
Tokalau Fijian (43)
►
Eastern Fijian (4)
►
Lauan
Lau Island
Vanua Balavu
►
Nuclear Eastern Fijian (3)
Gone Dau
►
Viwa-Lomaiviti-East Viti Levu (2)
►
Fijian
►
East Viti Levu
Northeast Viti Levu
►
Southeast Viti Levu
Bau (Fijian)
Lutu
Nadrau
Naimasimasi
Namosi
Waidina
Kadavu
►
Nuclear Vanua Levu
Central Vanua Levu
Northeast Vanua Levu
West Vanua Levu
Southeast Vanua Levu
Lomaiviti
►
Polynesian (39)
►
Nuclear Polynesian (37)
Anuta
East Futuna
►
East Uvean-Niuafo'ou (3)
East Uvean
Niuafo'ou
Niuatoputapu
►
Ellicean (4)
►
Pukapukic (3)
Pukapuka
►
Samoan-Tokelauan (2)
Samoan
Tokelau
►
Tuvalu
North Tuvaluan
South Tuvaluan
►
Northern Outlier Polynesian-East Polynesian (21)
►
Carolinean Outlier Polynesian (2)
Kapingamarangi
Nukuoro
►
Solomons Northern Outlier Polynesian-East Polynesian (19)
►
Central Northern Outlier Polynesian-East Polynesian (18)
►
Central Northern Outlier Polynesian (4)
►
Luangiua
Nuclear Luangiua
Pelau
►
Takuuic (3)
Nukumanu
Nukuria
Takuu
►
East Polynesian (14)
►
East Polynesian Distal (4)
►
Far East Polynesian (2)
Mangareva
Rapanui
►
Marquesan (2)
►
North Marquesan
Hatutu
Nuku Hiva
Ua Huka
Ua Pou
►
South Marquesan
Fatu Hiva
Hiva Oa
Tahuta
►
East Polynesian Proximal (10)
Hawaiian
►
Southern East Polynesian Proximal (9)
►
Mangaia-Old Rapa
Mangaia
Old Rapa
Māngarongaro
►
Maoric (2)
►
Maori
►
Eastern North Island Maori
Kai-Tahu South Island
Ngaati Kahungunu
Ngaati Porou
Te Arawa Tuuhoe
►
Western North Island Maori
Ngaati Tuuwharetoa
►
North Auckland Maori
Ngaapuhi
Te Aupouri
Taranaki
Waikato
Wanganui
Moriori
Rakahanga-Manihiki
►
Southern Cook Island Maori
Aitutaki
Atiu
Mauke
Mitiaro
Rarotonga
►
Tahitian-Austral (2)
►
Austral
Raivavae
Rimatara
Rurutu
Tubuai
Tahitian
►
Tuamotuan
Fangatau
Marangai
Napuka
Parata
Reao
Tapuhoe
Vahitu
Sikaiana
►
Rennell-Bellona
Munggava
Mungiki
Tikopia
►
Vaeakau-Taumako
Aua (Pileni)
Matema
Nuclear Pileni
Nukapu
Nupani
Taumako
►
Vanuatu-Loyalty Outliers (4)
Emae
►
Mele-Futuna (2)
►
Futuna-Aniwa
Aniwa
West Futuna
►
Mele-Fila
Fila
Mele
West Uvean
►
Tongic (2)
Niuean
Tonga (Tonga Islands)
►
Western Fijian (2)
►
Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua
Batiwai
Nalea
Tubai
►
Western Viti Levu-Yasawas Fijian
Nadrogaa
Northwest Viti Levu
Waya (Western Fijian)
►
Micronesian (21)
►
Central Micronesian (19)
►
Gilbertese
Banaban
Nui
►
Western Micronesian (18)
►
Chuukic-Ponapeic (17)
►
Ponapeic (3)
Mokilese
Pingelapese
►
Pohnpeian
Kiti
Ponapean
Sapwuahfik
►
Trukic (14)
►
Nuclear Trukic (11)
►
Central Trukic (9)
►
Eastern Trukic (4)
►
Mortlockese-Trukese (2)
►
Chuukese
East Lagoon
Fayichuck
►
Mortlockese
Lower Mortlock
Mid Mortlock
Upper Mortlock
►
Puluwatese-Pollapese (2)
Pollapese
►
Puluwatese
Nuclear Puluwatese
Pulapese
Pulusukese
►
Satawalese-Carolinian (5)
►
Macro-Carolinian (4)
Carolinian
►
Murilo-Fanapanges (2)
Pááfang
Tanapag
Namonuito
Satawalese
Mapia
►
Woleaian
Lamotrek
Nuclear Woleaian
►
Western Trukic (3)
►
Sonsorol-Tobi (2)
►
Sonsorol
Pulo Anna
Sonsorolese
Tobian
Ulithian
►
Marshallese
Rälik
Ratak
►
Kosraean-Nauruan (2)
►
Kosraean
Lelu-Tafunsak
Malen-Utwe
Nauru
►
North and Central Vanuatu (106)
►
Central Vanuatu (57)
►
Ambrym (7)
Lonwolwol
►
North Ambrym
Magam
Olal
►
Orkon-West Ambrym (4)
Orkon-Fanbak
►
West Ambrym (3)
Dalkalaen
►
Southwest Ambrym (2)
Daakie
►
Dakaka
Sesivi
►
Southeast Ambrym
►
Ase-Taveak
Mele Maat
Penapo
Taveak
Toak
Endu
►
Epi-Efate (10)
►
Efate (4)
►
North Efatic (2)
Lelepa
►
North Efate
Buninga
Emau
Livara
Nguna
Paunangis
Sesake
►
South Efatic (2)
►
Eton (Vanuatu)
Eton
Pang Pang
Nafsan
►
Epi (6)
►
Baki-Bierebo (2)
Baki
Bierebo
►
Bieria-Maii (2)
►
Bieria
Nuclear Bieria
Vovo
Maii
►
Lamenu-Lewo (2)
Lamenu
►
Lewo
Mate-Nul-Filakara
Tasiko
►
Malakula (34)
►
Eastern Malakula linkage (12)
►
Central-Southeast Malakula (11)
►
Aulua
Boinelang
Onesso
Burmbar
►
Southeastern Malakula linkage (7)
Bwenelang
Maskelynes
►
Nasvang-Nisvai (2)
Nasvang
Nisvai
►
Port Sandwich-Axamb-Avok (3)
Avok
Axamb
Port Sandwich
►
Unua-Pangkumu (2)
►
Rerep
Tisman
►
Unua
Bush Unua
►
Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin
Atchin
Uripiv
Wala-Rano
►
Northern Malakula (4)
►
Malua-Tepërav
Espiegle's Bay
Malua Bay
►
North Coast Malakula (3)
►
Botovro-Vovo-Vao (2)
Mpotovoro
Vao-Vovo
►
Nese
Alovas
Matanvat
Naha (Nese)
Najit
Njav
Vovo (Northern Malakula)
►
Western Malakula linkage (18)
►
Central-Western Malakula (4)
Larevat
Naman
►
Neve'ei
Winiv (Vinmavis)
Neverver
►
Peripheral Western Malakula (14)
►
Ninde-Nati (2)
Nati
Ninde
►
Northwestern Malakula (3)
Big Nambas
Maragus
►
Tirax
North Small Nambas
►
Southwestern Malakula (9)
►
Avava
Bangsa
Nivat
Niviar
Umbrul
Dixon Reef
►
Letemboi-Repanbitip
Letemboi
Repanbitip
Nasarian
Navwien
►
Southwest Coastal Malekula (2)
►
Na'ahai
Orierh
Nahavaq
►
Unclassified Southwestern Malakula (2)
►
Nititi-Vivti (2)
Nitita
Vivti
►
Namakura
Buninga (Namakura)
Makura
Mataso
Tongariki Island
Tongoa Island
►
Paama
North Paama
South Paama
►
South Pentecost (4)
►
Apma
Suru Kavian
Suru Rabwanga-Mwerani
►
Sa
Lolatavola
Ninebulo
Ponorwal
►
Seke-Sowa (2)
Seke (Vanuatu)
Sowa
►
Northern Vanuatu (49)
►
Ambae (2)
►
East Ambae
Lolokaro
Lombaha
Longana
►
West Ambae
Nduindui
Walaha
►
Espiritu Santo (29)
►
Nuclear Santo (13)
►
East Santo (5)
►
Mafea-Tutuba (2)
Mafea
Tutuba
►
Southeast Santo (3)
Farafi
►
Polonombauk
Ati (Espiritu Santo)
Narmoris
Tambotalo
►
Shark Bayic (2)
Nethalp
Ngen
►
South Santo (6)
Aore
►
Araki-Tangoa (2)
Araki
Movono
Mores
►
Tamambo
Ataripoe
Avunatari
►
Wanohe
Nkep
Sakao
►
West Santo (16)
►
Cape Cumberland (5)
Nokuku
Piamatsina
Tasmate
Valpei
Vunapu
►
Central Santo (3)
►
Merei
Winiv (Merei)
►
Navut
Bura (Espiritu Santo)
Sinia
Tiale
Kiai
Kula (Vanuatu)
►
South-Central Santo (3)
Amblong
Ande
Narango
►
Southwest Santo (2)
Akei
Ale
Tolomako
Hano
►
Maewo (3)
►
Baetora
Narovorovo
Nasawa
Talise (Vanuatu)
►
Central Maewo
Lotora
Peterara
Tanoriki
Sunwadia
►
Torres-Banks linkage (14)
Dorig
►
Hiw-Lo-Toga (2)
Hiw
Lo-Toga
►
Koto-Olrat-Lakon (2)
►
Koro-Olrat
Koro (Vanuatu)
Olrat
Lakon
Lehali
Lehalurup
►
Lemerig-Veraa (2)
Lemerig
►
Vera'a
Leon
Pak (Vatrata)
Sasar
►
Merlav
Matliwag
Mwerig
West Mwerelawa
Mota
►
Mwotlap
Motlav
Volow
Nume
►
Vurës
Mwesen
Nuclear Vures
Vetumboso
►
Southeast Solomonic (26)
►
Guadalcanal-Nggelic (7)
►
Nuclear Guadalcanal-Nggelic (5)
►
Nggelic (2)
►
Bughotu
Hageulu
Vulava
Gela
►
North and West Guadalcanal (3)
►
Ghari
Gae
Geri
Ndi (Solomon Islands)
Nginia
Nuclear Ghari
Tandai-Nggaria
►
Lengo
Aola
Ghaimuta
Nuclear Lengo
Paripao
Malango
►
Southeast Guadalcanal (2)
Birao
►
Talise
Koo
Malagheti
Moli
Nuclear Talise
Poleo
Tolo (Solomon Islands)
►
Longgu-Malaita-Makira (19)
Longgu
►
Malaita-Makira (18)
►
Makira (5)
►
Arosi
Nuclear Arosi
Wango
►
Bauro
Haununu
Nuclear Bauro
Rawo (Bauro)
►
Fagani
Agufi
Nuclear Fagani
Rihu'a
Kahua
►
Owa
Santa Ana (Solomon Islands)
Santa Catalina
Tawarafa
►
Malaita (12)
►
Central-Northern Malaita (9)
Gula'alaa
Kwaio
Kwara'ae
►
North Malaitan (5)
Baeggu
Baelelea
Fataleka
►
Lau
Dai (Lau)
Nuclear Lau
Suafa
To'abaita
Wala
►
Southern Malaita (3)
►
'Are'are
Marau Sound
Nuclear 'Are'are
Dori'o
Oroha
►
Sa'a
Uki Ni Masi
Ulawa
►
Southern Melanesian (42)
►
New Caledonian (33)
►
Loyalty Islands (3)
►
Dehu
Losi
Wete
Iaai
Nengone
►
Mainland New Caledonian (30)
►
Northern New Caledonian (19)
►
Extreme Northern New Caledonian (5)
►
Kum-Nel-Yua-Cac (3)
►
Caac
La Conception
Pouébo
►
Kum-Nel-Yua (2)
►
Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak
Kumak
Nenema
►
Yuaga
Juanga
Thuanga
►
Nyalayu (2)
Balade
►
Belep
Belep Proper
Yalayu
►
Mid-Northern New Caledonian (14)
Jawe
►
Nmi-Pij-Fwa-Pam-Pap (5)
►
Nmi-Fij-Fwa (3)
►
Hyenghene (2)
Fwâi
Nemi
Pije
Pwaamei
Pwapwa
►
Voh-Kone-Cem-Pac (8)
►
Cem-Pac (2)
Cemuhî
Paicî
►
Voh-Kone (6)
►
Bwatooic (3)
►
Haeke-Bwatoo (2)
Bwatoo
Haeke
Haveke
Hmwaveke
►
Vamale
Hmwaeke
Nuclear Vamale
Waamwang
►
Southern New Caledonian (11)
►
Extreme Southern New Caledonian (2)
►
Dumbea
Nrumee
Paita-Unya
Wenyii
►
Numee
Kwenyii
Nuclear Numee
Ouen
►
Mid-Southern New Caledonian (9)
►
Houailou (3)
Ajië
Arhâ
Arhö
Neku
Orowe
►
Tiri-Mea
Mea
Tiri
Xârâcùù
Xaragure
Zire
►
Southern Vanuatu (9)
Aneityum
►
Erromanga (3)
Ifo
►
Sie
Nuclear Sie
Potnariven
Yoku
Ura (Vanuatu)
►
Tanna (5)
►
Northern Tanna linkage (3)
►
Lenakel
Ikyoo
Itonga
Loanatit
Nerauya
►
Whitesands-North Tanna linkage (2)
►
North Tanna
East Tanna
Imafin
West Tanna
►
Whitesands
Lometimeti
Weasisi
►
Southern Tanna (2)
Kwamera
►
Southwest Tanna
Nowai
Nvhal
►
St. Matthias (2)
►
Mussau-Emira
Emira
►
Mussau
Eastern Mussau
Southern Mussau
Western Mussau
Tenis
►
Temotu (10)
►
Reefs-Santa Cruz (4)
Äiwoo
Nanggu
►
Natugu-Nalogo (2)
►
Nalögo
Mbanyö
Nea
Noepe
Nooli
►
Natügu
Io
Malo
Matu
Mbanua
Nemba
Neo
Nepa
Noka
Nööle
Venga
►
Utupua-Vanikoro (6)
Lovono
Tanema
Teanu
►
Utupua (3)
Amba (Solomon Islands)
Asumboa
Tanimbili
►
Western Oceanic linkage (237)
►
Meso Melanesian linkage (69)
►
Bali-Vitu (2)
Muduapa
Uneapa
►
New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic linkage (63)
►
Madak linkage (3)
►
Barok
Nuclear Barok
Usen
►
Lavatbura-Lamusong
Kontu
Lamusong
Lavatbura
Ugana
►
Madak
Danu (Papua New Guinea)
Katingan (Papua New Guinea)
Lelet
Malom
Mesi
►
St George linkage (50)
►
Kandas-Duke of York (2)
Kandas
►
Ramoaaina
Aalawa
Molot
►
Konomala
Laket
Nuclear Konomala
►
Label-Bilur (2)
Bilur
Label
►
Northwest Solomonic (38)
►
Banoni-Piva (2)
Bannoni
►
Lawunuia
Amun
►
Choiseul (5)
►
East Choiseul (3)
Ririo
►
Southeast Choiseul (2)
►
Babatana
Avasö
Katazi
Kuboro
Lömaumbi
Nuclear Babatana
Sengan
Sisiqa
►
West Choiseul (2)
Vaghua
►
Varisi
Ghone
Nuclear Varisi
►
Mono-Uruavan (3)
►
Mono-Alu
Alu
Fauro
Mono
Torau
Uruava
►
New Georgia (11)
►
East New Georgia (6)
►
Marovo-Vangunu (2)
Marovo
►
Vangunu
Bareke
Nuclear Vangunu
►
Rovianic (3)
►
Hoava-Kusaghe (2)
Hoava
►
Kusaghe-Njela
Kusaghe
Njela
Roviana
Ughele
Kazukuru
►
West New Georgia (4)
Duke
►
Simboic (3)
►
Ghanongga-Lungga (2)
►
Ghanongga
Ganoqa
Kubokota
Lungga
Simbo
►
North Bougainville Oceanic (10)
►
Nuclear North Bougainville Oceanic (9)
►
Buka (7)
►
Haliaic (2)
►
Hakö
Lontes
►
Halia
Hanahan
Hangan
Selau
Touloun
►
Petats
Hitau-Pororan
Matsungan
Sumoun
►
Saposa-Tinputz (4)
►
Saposa
Nuclear Saposa
Taiof
►
Tinputzic (3)
►
Hahon
Aravia
Kurur
Ratsua
►
Teop
Losiara
Melilup
Petspets
Taunita
Wainanana
►
Tinputz
Vado
Vado-Vaene'
Vaene'
Vapopeo'
Vapopeo'-Rausaura
Vasui
Vavoehpoa'
►
Nehan
Nuclear Nehan
Pinipel
Papapana
Solos
►
Santa Isabel (5)
►
Central Santa Isabel (3)
Kokota
►
Zazao-Blanga (2)
Blablanga
Zazao
►
East Santa Isabel (2)
►
Cheke Holo
Hograno
Maringe
Gao
►
West Santa Isabel (2)
Laghu
Zabana
►
Patpatar-Minigir-Tolai (4)
►
Minigir-Tolai (3)
Guramalum
►
Kuanua
►
Rabaulic
Kabakada
Matupit
Rakunei
Rapitok
Rebar
►
Ruatuna
Livuan
Makada
Masawa
Nodup
Watom
►
Vaqtuna
Kininanggunan
Kokopo
Raluana
Vanumami
Vunadidir
Minigir
►
Patpatar
Nuclear Patpatar
Pala
Sokirik
Siar-Lak
Sursurunga
►
Tangga
Fanamaket
►
Niwer Mil-Warwar Feni
Niwer Mil
Warwar Feni
►
Tabar linkage (3)
Lihir
►
Mandara
Big Tabar
Simberi
Tatau
Notsi
Tomoip
►
Tungak-Nalik (6)
►
Kara (Papua New Guinea)
East Kara
Lauan-Nonopai
Luburua
Ngavalus-Lossuk
West Kara
Lakuramau
Nalik
Tiang
►
Tigak
Central Tigak
Island Tigak
South Tigak
West Tigak
Tungag
►
Willaumez linkage (4)
►
Bola-Bulu (2)
►
Bola
Harua
Nuclear Bola
Bulu (Papua New Guinea)
►
Nakanai-Meramera (2)
►
Meramera
Lolobao
►
Nakanai
Bileki
Losa
Maututu
Ubae
Vere (Papua New Guinea)
►
North New Guinea linkage (105)
►
Huon Gulf (32)
►
Markham (15)
►
Lower Markham (7)
►
Busu (5)
Aribwatsa
Aribwaung
Duwet
►
Musom-Sirak (2)
Musom
Nafi
Labu
Wampar
►
Upper Markham (5)
Adzera
►
Mountain Upper Markham (4)
Mari (Madang Province)
Sarasira
Sukurum
Wampur
►
Watut (3)
Middle Watut
North Watut
►
South Watut
Dangal
Maralango
►
North Huon Gulf linkage (3)
Bugawac
Kela (Papua New Guinea)
Yabem
Numbami
►
South Huon Gulf linkage (13)
►
Buang linkage (10)
►
Kapin
Garawa (Papua New Guinea)
Nuclear Kapin
►
Mapos-Mangga-Wagau (2)
►
Mangga Buang
Kwasang
Lagis
►
Mapos Buang
Buweyeu
Chimbuluk
Mambump
Mapos
Papakene
Wagau
Wins
►
Mumeng (5)
►
Dambi-Kumaru (2)
Dambi
Kumalu
►
Gorakor
Yanta
►
Zenag-Patep (2)
►
Patep
Dengalu
►
Zenag
Latep
Piu
Vehes
Iwal
►
Misim-Yamap (2)
►
Hote
Misim
Nuclear Hote
Yamap
►
Ngero-Vitiaz linkage (44)
►
Ngero (6)
►
Eastern Ngero (3)
Bariai
►
Kaliai-Kove (2)
Kove
►
Lusi
Kaliai
►
Western Ngero (3)
Malalamai
►
Tuam (2)
Gitua
►
Mutu
Malai
Nuclear Mutu
►
Vitiaz linkage (38)
►
Bel-Roinji-Nenaya (10)
►
Bel (8)
►
Eastern Bel (3)
►
Awad Bing
Biliau
Galeg
Suit
Yamai
Yori
Mindiri
Wab
►
Western Bel (5)
Bilibil
Gedaged
►
Marik
Northern Marik
Southern Marik
Western Marik
Matukar
►
Takia
Megiar
Serang
►
Mato
Bonea
Nanaya
Ronji
►
Korap linkage (4)
►
Arop-Lokep
Arop
Lokep
Karnai
►
Malasanga
Nuclear Malasanga
Singorokai
Mur Pano
►
Maleu-Kilenge
Kilenge
Maleu
►
Mbula
Gauru
Northern Mbula
Nuclear Mbula
Sakar
►
Mengenic (3)
Lote
►
Mamusa-Mengen (2)
►
Mamusi
Melkoi
Nuclear Mamusi
►
Mengen
Bush Mengen
North Coast Mengen
South Coast Mengen
Sio
►
Southwest New Britain linkage (17)
Amara
►
Arawe-Pasismanua (14)
►
Arawe (7)
►
East Arawe (3)
Akolet
►
Avau
Gasmata
►
Lesing-Gelimi
Gelimi
Lesing
►
West Arawe (4)
Aiklep
Apalik
Gimi (West New Britain)
►
Solong
Nuclear Arawe
►
Bebeli-Mangseng (2)
Bebeli
►
Mangseng
Marapu
Umua
►
Pasismanua (5)
►
Aighon
Aigon
Apsokok
Bao
Karore
►
Kaulong
East Inland Kaulong
Nuclear Kaulong
Miu
Sengseng
►
Bibling (2)
►
Lamogai
Ibanga
Lomogai
Musen
Paret
Pulie-Rauto
►
Mouk-Aria
Mouk
Tourai
►
Tami
Taemi
Wanam
►
Sarmi-Jayapura Bay (13)
►
Jayapura Bay (3)
►
Eastern Jayapura Bay (2)
Kayupulau
Tobati
Ormu
►
Sarmi (10)
►
Anus-Podena (2)
Korur
Podena
Bonggo
►
Kaptiau-Tarpia (2)
Kaptiau
Tarpia
►
Sobeic (4)
Masimasi
►
Sobei-Liki (2)
Liki
Sobei
Wakde
Yamna
►
Schouten linkage (16)
►
Kairiru-Manam (9)
►
Kairiruic linkage (3)
►
Kaiep-Terebu (2)
Kaiep
Terebu
Kairiru
►
Manamic linkage (6)
►
Bam-Manam (3)
Biem
►
Manam-Sepa (2)
►
Manam
Wanami
Sepa (Papua New Guinea)
►
Kis-Wogeo (2)
Kis
Wogeo
Medebur
►
Siau (7)
►
Sissano-Tumleo (6)
►
Ali-Tumleo (2)
►
Kap
Ali (Papua New Guinea)
Yakamul
Tumleo
►
Sera-Sissano (4)
Sera
►
Sissanoic (3)
Arop-Sissano
Malol
Sissano
Ulau-Suain
►
Papuan Tip linkage (63)
►
Nuclear Papuan Tip linkage (43)
►
North Papuan Mainland-D'Entrecasteaux linkage (35)
Anuki
►
Are-Taupota linkage (17)
►
Are linkage (7)
►
Are-Doga (2)
Are
Doga
►
Arifama-Miniafia
Arifama
Miniafia
►
Boanaki-Paiwa (2)
Gapapaiwa
Ghayavi
Kaninuwa
Ubir
►
Maisin
Coastal Maisin
Kosirava
►
Taupota linkage (9)
Minaveha
►
Nuclear Taupota linkage (8)
►
Eastern Taupota (5)
Gweda
►
Haigwai
Kapulika
Naura
Maiwala
►
Taupota-Waiema (2)
Taupota
Wa'ema
►
Tawala
Awayama
Bohilai
Diwinai
Huhuna
Kehelala
Labe
Lelehudi
Sideya
Yaleba
►
Wedauic (2)
►
Wedau
Kwamana
Lavora
Topura
Yapoa
Yakaikeke
►
Bwaidoga linkage (7)
►
Bwaidoka-Iduna (2)
►
Bwaidoka
Bebebele II
Belebele I
Bwaidoga
Faiyava
Kilia
Kiliva
Lauwela
Mataitai
Wagifa
►
Iduna
Belebele
Central Vivigani
Goiala
Idakamenai
Kalauna
Ufaufa
Ufufu
Waibula
►
Diodio
Awale
Central Diodio
Iauiaula
Utalo
►
Iamalelic (2)
►
Iamalele
Central Yamalele
Didigavu
Gwabegwabe
Masimasi (Yamalele)
Southern Yamalele
Maiadomu
Koluwawa
►
Molima
Ai'alu
Tala'ai
Tosila'ai
►
Dobu-Duau linkage (7)
►
Boselewa-Galeya (2)
Boselewa
►
Galeya
Basima
Gameta
Garea
Sebutuia
Urua
Wadalei
►
Bunama-Mwatebu (2)
►
Bunama
Barabara
Kasikasi
Kerorogea
Kumalahu
Lomitawa
Meudana
Nuclear Bunama
Sawabwala
Sawatupwa
Sipupu
Weyoko
Mwatebu
►
Dobu
Central Dobu
Galubwa
Loboda
Sanaroa
Ubuia
►
Duau
Dawada
Guleguleu
Mwalukwasia
Siausi
Somwadina
►
Sewa Bay
Bwakera
Central Sewa Bay
Darubia
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Ut
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Oe Pao
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Pa'da
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Tii
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Dela
Oenale
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Meto (3)
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Timaus
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Southwest Maluku (23)
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Dai
Dawera-Daweloor
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Leti (Indonesia)
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Te'un
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Talur
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Mahuan
Masapua
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Totoli
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West Central Maluku (5)
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Tagalisa
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Northwest Formosan (3)
Kulon
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Pazeh-Kahabu
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Pazeh
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Tungho
Paiwan
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Pinan
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Tona
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Western Plains Austronesian (3)
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Babuza
Favorlang
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Papora-Hoanya
Hoanya
Papora
►
Thao
Brawbaw
Sao (Formosan)
Shtafari
Subclassification references
Renhard Saupia and Tiar Simanjuntak and Geraldy Ruwayari and Maggie Canvin 2023
Glottocode:
buaa1246
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