{"pk": 23994, "hid": "eml", "father_pk": 22618, "family_pk": 143, "level": "family", "bookkeeping": false, "category": "Family", "newick": "(('Bologna Emiliano [bolo1260]':1,'Central Emiliano [cent1959]':1,'Eastern Emiliano [east2275]':1,'Lunigiano [luni1238]':1,'Vogherese-Pavese [vogh1238]':1,'Western Emiliano [west2342]':1)'Emiliano [emil1241][egl]-l-':1,('Northern Romagnolo [nort2607]':1,'Sammarinese [samm1243]':1,'Southern Romagnolo [sout2611]':1)'Romagnol [roma1328][rgn]-l-':1)'Emiliano-Romagnolo [emil1243][eml]':1", "child_family_count": 0, "child_language_count": 2, "child_dialect_count": 9, "macroareas": {}, "jsondata": {"iso_retirement": {"code": "eml", "name": "Emiliano-Romagnolo", "change_request": "2008-040", "effective": "2009-01-16", "reason": "split", "change_to": ["egl", "rgn"], "remedy": "Split into Emilian [egl] and Romagnol [rgn]", "comment": "The name Emilia-Romagna can be very confusing. I would like to explain why I\nthink the term Emilia-Romagna is misleading when referring to regional culture\nwhich includes aspects such as language, customs, and cuisine, and should only\nbe referred to for geopolitical reasons.\n\nTwo ISO 639 codes, one for Emilia and one for Romagna would be much clearer when\nreferring to the cultural aspects of both regions.\n\nThe sole reason why this code exists is because in 1948 with the inception of\nthe Italian Constitution, the Region of Emilia-Romagna was created. This name\nnever previously existed in Italian history. Emilia and Romagna had been two\ndifferent regions of Italy in the past.\n\nFrom 1815 to 1866 two historical regions of Italy, Lombardia and Veneto, were\nmerged to create the Lombardian-Venetian Kingdom. Nevertheless, nobody referred\nto Milan nor Venice as Lombardian-Venetian cities, Milan still remained a\nLombardian city , and Venice remained a Venetian city. The same holds true for\nEmilia-Romagna. Bologna is an Emilian city while Ravenna is a Romagnol city. The\nterm \u201cEmiliano-Romagnolo\u201d makes sense only if looking at the political region of\nItaly called \u201cEmilia-Romagna\u201d.\n\nMoreover, there is Emilian cuisine and Romagnol cuisine. There isn\u2019t an\nEmilia-Romagnian cuisine in Italy. The \u201cRomagnol Riviera\u201d, and not the\n\u201cEmilia-Romagna Riviera\u201d, is the famous tourist area along the Northern Adriatic\nSea.\n\nThere is an Emilian dialect and a Romagnol dialect. There isn\u2019t such a thing as\nan Emilian- Romagnolo dialect. A counter-factual example: if in 1948 two regions\nhad been created, Emilia and Romagna, no one could have ever imagined the\nexistence of an Emilia- Romagnol language!\n\nNowadays, Italy is seeing a revival of dialects, after a period over the last 40\nyears when regional dialects couldn't be spoken on national TV or radio. Many\ncultural institutes were established to keep dialects alive in both Emilia and\nRomagna. For example, in Romagna the Istituto F. Schurr was founded in 1996 and\nit's still involved with the conservation of Romagna's dialect as an important\npart of the region\u2019s heritage.\n\nHere is a brief history of the \u201cEmilia\u201d and \u201cRomagna\u201d names. Before 1948 there\nweren't geopolitical regions in Italy. There were about 90 provinces, and Emilia\nand Romagna were two clearly distinctive regions. Before the unification of\nItaly in 1861, one could find on a map only the name Romagna, or \u201cRomagne\u201d, the\nItalian plural of Romagna. The name Emilia, instead, did not appear. Instead of\nEmilia one could find the \u201cdukedom of Ferrara\u201d, the \u201cdukedom of Modena and\nReggio\u201d, and other dukedoms. Historically and culturally, Emilia and Romagna\nwere formed many centuries before the creation of this geopolitical region.\nPeople from these regions have the feeling of being \"Romagnol\" or \"Emilian\". It\nis very evident to anyone who is from either of these two regions. I know, for\nexample, that I'm Romagnol, an inhabitant of Romagna, as well as any Bolognese\ncitizen knows she/he's Emilian.\n\nAllow me to present some points of consideration:\n\n1) Let's pretend that Emilians are 90% of population of Emilia-Romagna and\nRomagnols are only the 10%. So one could think that Romagnols could be\nconsidered just an appendix of the Region.\n\nReply: There are 1 million Romagnols in a region of 4 million people.\n\nPrinciple Romagnol towns include Ravenna, with a population of 150,000 people,\nRimini, with 135,000, Forli\u0300, with 115,000, and Cesena with 95,000.\n\n2) Some may consider definitive evidence of the existence of Emilian-Romagnol\nlanguage as having an Italo-Emilian-Romagnol dictionary.\n\nReply: There has never been such a dictionary. We have dictionaries of\nRomagnolo- Italiano and Bolognese-Italiano, or Modenese-Italiano (Modenese is\nthe dialect of Modena, the second biggest town of Emilia).\n\n3) Could the definitive evidence of the existence of Emilian-Romagnol language\nbe the mutual intelligibility?\n\nNo, because there is not mutual intelligibility. There are certain features in\nthe Romagnol dialect which differ greatly from the Emilian dialect; for they can\nbe classified as two distinct dialects. These dialectical differences are very\nevident to a linguist.\n\nAn example: atonic vocalism.\n\nSome words that in Latin were trisyllabic or quadrisyllabic (where the 'u' final\nis atonic) are reduced in Romagnol to monosyllable. The atonic syllable is cut\noff.\n\nLatin GENUCULU becomes in Romagnol ZNO\u0300C Latin TEPIDU becomes in Romagnol TEVVD\nLatin OCULU becomes in Romagnol O\u0300C\n\nLatin FRIGIDU becomes in Romagnol FRE\u0301DD\n\n(Italian: ginocchio (Italian: tiepido) (Italian: occhio) (Italian: freddo)\n\nThis didn't happen in Emilia: that's why an Emilian speaker is not used to\nhearing words with atonic vowels removed. Emilians don't understand Romagnol. On\nthe contrary, every Romagnol \u201cfeels\u201d Emilian dialects as very similar to Italian\n(because Italian is full of vowels).\n\n4) Emilian and Romagnol do not share a common literature. Romagnol literature\nbegins in the late XVI century with Pvlon matt. There is critical edition of the\npoem in English, translated by British linguist Douglas Bartlett Gregor. This is\nthe card of the book:\n\nMad Nap (\"Pvlon Matt\"): An anonymous Romagnol poem of the sixteenth century\ntranslated into English verse and Italian prose, and annotated / D. B. Gregor. -\nCambridge : The Oleander Press, c1976. - 237 p.\n\nPvlon Matt was reviewed also by Friedrich Schu\u0308rr (1888-1980), an eminent\nlinguist who first acknowledged Romagnol as a romance language."}, "ethnologue_comment": null, "links": [{"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilian%E2%80%93Romagnol", "label": null}, {"url": "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q242648", "label": null}], "meds": [["500528", "wordlist_or_less", 2008, 0, "ISO 639-3 Registration Authority 2008"]]}, "id": "emil1243", "name": "Emiliano-Romagnolo", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "classification": [{"name": "Indo-European", "id": "indo1319", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/indo1319"}, {"name": "Classical Indo-European", "id": "clas1257", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/clas1257"}, {"name": "Italic", "id": "ital1284", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ital1284"}, {"name": "Latino-Faliscan", "id": "lati1262", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lati1262"}, {"name": "Latinic", "id": "lati1263", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lati1263"}, {"name": "Imperial Latin", "id": "impe1234", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/impe1234"}, {"name": "Romance", "id": "roma1334", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/roma1334"}, {"name": "Italo-Western Romance", "id": "ital1285", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ital1285"}, {"name": "Western Romance", "id": "west2813", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/west2813"}, {"name": "Shifted Western Romance", "id": "shif1234", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/shif1234"}, {"name": "Northwestern Shifted Romance", "id": "nort3208", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nort3208"}, {"name": "Gallo-Italian", "id": "gall1279", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/gall1279"}], "iso639-3": "eml"}